Laboratory Experiments on Preplanetary Dust Aggregation

For a better understanding of the processes which lead to the formation of planetesimals in the early solar nebula, we performed an extensive series of laboratory experiments. We find that the capture velocities in collisions between spherical grains are more than one order of magnitude higher than predicted by Chokshi et al (1993). In contrast, irregular grains have no capture threshold and can be better described by a sticking probability which is typically a few 10%, even for velocities exceeding 10 m/s. However, adhesion forces between spherical, micron-sized particles match the theoretical predictions very well, although contact areas and deformations are of the order of inter-atomic distances only. Aggregation experiments in rarefied turbulent gases reveal the fractal nature of dust aggregates. Mass distribution functions are bell-shaped. Similar behaviour can be found in aggregation experiments with sedimenting particles. Experiments on collision-induced aggregate compaction and fragmentation match the numerical simulations by Dominik and Tielens (1997) very well if revised experimental values of the break-up energy (from our impact experiments) and the rolling-friction force (from our AFM measurements on particle chains) are used. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

复合材料钻削刀具状态集成学习分类技术

刀具状态监测关系到工件加工质量,因此实时掌握刀具的磨损状态具有重要的意义。针对单一模式识别分类器的局限性,提出了基于异态集成学习模型的刀具状态监测系统。在该系统中,根据集成学习基分类器选择原则,选取了支持向量机(SVM)、隐马尔科夫模型(HMM)以及径向基神经网络(RBF)这3个单分类器作为基分类器。为了验证监测系统的有效性,进行了复合材料钻削实验,提取了加工过程中的钻削力信号、振动信号的时域特征并利用局部保持法(LPP)进行了特征选择。通过与单分类器和集成学习分类效果的对比,表明了集成学习模型相比于单一基分类器具有更高的分类精度和更好的稳定性。     

基于数据挖掘的航空发动机状态参数离群点分析

利用机载数据采集系统和传感器获得的发动机状态参数往往存在粗大误差，影响故障诊断的准确性。采用数据挖掘算法中基于统计学的离群点分析，并与厂家系统的分析结果相比较，结果表明，该方法能够有效地剔除粗大误差且不会误删有用数据。     

High-efficiency aircraft antiskid brake control algorithm via runway condition identification based on an on-off valve array

The aircraft antiskid braking system is an important hydraulic system for preventing tire bursts and ensuring safe take-off and landing. The brake system adjusts the force applied on the brake discs by controlling the brake pressure. Traditional aircraft antiskid braking systems achieve antiskid performance by controlling the braking pressure with an electrohydraulic servo valve. Because the pilot stage of an electrohydraulic servo valve is easily blocked by carbonized hydraulic oil, the servo valve would become a dangerous weak point for aircraft safety. This paper proposes a new approach that uses an on-off valve array to replace the servo valve for pressure control. Based on this new pressure control component, an efficient antiskid control algorithm that can utilize this discontinuous feature is proposed. Furthermore, the algorithm has the ability to identify the runway circumstances. To overcome the discontinuity in the process of using an on-off valve array, the Filippov framework is introduced. The conditions of convergence of the system are also discussed. The results of the digital simulations and the hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) braking experiments are used to verify the efficiency and stability of the proposed control algorithm. The method also proves that the on-off valve array can replace the servo valve perfectly as a new type of antiskid braking pressure control component.     

基于状态的机械附件维修策略

基于状态开展修理，降低故障发生率和维修成本，是航空装备修理发展方向。以外场故障和大修故检信息统计、分析为基础，研究装备损伤规律，按基于状态修理思想，结合可靠性为中心的修理决策方法，初步探索了适应现有装备条件的基于状态维修方法的应用策略。     

加强农民工社会保障建设的对策

改革开放以来,农民工为国家的城市化、工业化、现代化、社会经济的发展与繁荣作出了突出贡献,但是农民工并没有同城市居民一样分享经济发展的成果,农民工社会保障处于缺失状态。随着农民工数量的增多,农民工社会保障缺失问题引起了社会的广泛关注,成了政府、社会亟待解决的问题。文章主要分析了农民工社会保障现状及缺失的原因,并为加强农民工社会保障建设提出了一些政策建议。     

关于二维ADI-FDTD方法的数值色散分析

分析比较了目前关于交替方向隐式时域有限差分法(ADI-FDTD)数值色散关系研究的几种理论,指出了其中存在的一些不足.介绍了一种相对合理的数值色散关系式,并利用牛顿迭代法对其进行全面的分析,得出了相关的结论.     

富氧环境模拟绝热层烧蚀试验方法

发展了一种能模拟固体火箭冲压发动机补燃室富氧环境并用于绝热层烧蚀研究的试验方法。用常规燃气发生器产生的燃气,与补进的氧气(氮气)、空气混合,通过控制流量,模拟固冲发动机补燃室内的压强、流量、燃气温度和富氧度等参数。组建了试验系统,对燃气参数进行了校测,并开展了4种绝热材料在富氧环境下的烧蚀试验。结果表明,该系统能够模拟富氧烧蚀环境,可利用该试验方法开展富氧环境下绝热层配方筛选和烧蚀机理研究。     

侧滑角对鼓包诱导曲面激波/边界层干扰特性的影响

利用仿真方法对侧滑条件下设计马赫数为2的三维壁面鼓包诱导流场进行了研究。结果表明:随着侧滑角的增大,迎风面的展向压力梯度增大,鼓包表面高压中心向迎风面偏移使得迎风面前缘旋涡强度增强,迎风侧出口总压恢复损失,最终导致鼓包下游流场畸变增加。同时鼓包表面流动拓扑结构表明,随着侧滑角的增加,迎风面分离区的准锥形相似特性增强,而背风面由准锥形相似逐渐发展为准柱形相似。      

双曲型守恒律的无振荡中心差分格式

讨论了双曲型守恒律的一类无振荡中心差分格式。Ｈ．Ｎｅｓｙａｈｕ和Ｅ．Ｔａｄｍｏｒ研究了以交错型ＬａｘＦｒｉｅｄｒｉｃｈ格式（ＬｘＦ）为模块的无振荡中心格式的构造与熵不等式。此类格式利用高阶的ＭＵＳＣＬ型插值替代一阶分片常数逼近,减少了ＬａｘＦｒｉｅｄｒｉｃｈ格式的过多数值粘性,建立了一维标量非线性双曲型守恒律的一类高分辨格式。讨论以非交错ＬａｘＦｒｉｅｄｒｉｃｈ格式为模块建立起的差分格式。证明了此格式具有二阶精度、ＴＶＤ性质并在一定条件下满足熵条件。