浅谈城市会议中心水处理系统的改造方案

通过对某城市会议中心用水系统的实际考察，找出了存在的问题，提出了采用“射频式水处理器”对用水系统进行水处理的改造方案，达到既防止系统结垢，又能减少管网腐蚀，达到维持系统安全稳定运行的目的。     

预存气体闭端管路的充填水击研究

为提升补燃循环发动机仿真平台的分布参数计算能力,针对常温液体充填预存气体闭端管路的水击现象,本文使用Modelica语言基于MWorks平台建立了一维有限体积的管路充填模型,并分别使用该模型和集中参数模型对现有文献中的充填水击实验进行了仿真模拟,结果表明：对于预存气体0.1MPa的工况下,一维有限体积模型与集中参数模型对实验的模拟度均较为接近;而在管路接近真空的工况下,一维有限体积模型的计算结果与实验数据吻合度很高,集中参数模型误差则高达76%左右。在不同预存气体压力下的计算结果表明：在管路刚度一定的条件下,预存气体压力0.1MPa以下时,气体的压缩缓冲作用是充填过程中水击压力峰值得到减弱的主要原因;在预存气体压力0.1MPa以上时,气体的缓冲作用与充填流量的减小共同导致了充填水击压力峰值的减弱。对不同弹性管路的计算表明：在闭端管路的充填过程中,管壁弹性对近真空管路的影响相对较大,对预存气体压力较大的管路几乎没有影响。     

月壤含水特性原位快速预判传感器设计与验证

基于月壤和水冰对不同谱段近红外激光存在吸收/反射差异性的特点,提出了采用多模近红外激光光强差异反演月壤含水特性的水冰原位快速预判方法。通过发射/接收光路同轴设计及多模激光光路分时复用设计,实现了多模激光光学系统轻小型化设计,研制出基于多模近红外激光的月壤水冰原位快速预判传感器工程样机,并开展了针对低含水率极区模拟月壤的含水特性原位预判试验。试验结果表明：该传感器水冰检测限可达0.39%,单次预判时间可优于1 s,光斑直径@检测距离为5 cm@500 mm,传感器具备对地面模拟月壤含水特性进行原位快速预判的能力。     

金属/水反应冲压发动机理论性能计算与分析

基于水与金属燃料反应的水冲压发动机是一种新型的水下动力装置。为了研究水下冲压发动机的基本性能，在简述热力计算原理的基础上，以含铝贫氧推进剂为例对燃气发生器式水冲压发动机、以铝金属燃料为例对漩流式水冲压发动机进行了不同工作状态下的热力计算，得出了发动机比冲与水燃比、工作压强等之间的定性关系。     

一种新型水溶性芯模的制备和性能

概述了金属模具不易脱模的形状复杂的复合材料结构件成型中遇到的工艺技术难题,着重对水溶性芯模的制备工艺特点和性能进行了研究,并将所制得的水溶性芯模成功的用于树脂基复合材料结构件的制造中。结果表明,水溶性芯模的各项性能满足复杂异型复合材料结构件制造的要求。     

发动机尾焰注水降温数值计算与试验研究

针对火箭发动机尾焰注水流场,组织并实施了火箭发动机系留点火及燃气流场注水降温缩比试验,研究了燃气冲击射流流场和注水作用下两相流场的分布状态以及降温效果。并通过研究在高温高速对流冲击作用下气液两相流的传热和传质理论,在Mixture多相流模型的基础上添加质量和能量源项,建立了多组分气液两相流非定常数值计算模型,通过对比试验结论,结果表明：所建立的数值计算模型具有较高的计算精度和可靠性,能够准确地反映物理现象。利用数值计算模型研究了注水后燃气、液态水和水蒸气三种主要组分在流场中的组成,通过与自由射流对比得到了注水燃气流场的包络线长度与宽度变化,注水对燃气流场降温效果显著。     

Water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity

A plant growth system for crop production under microgravity is part of a life supporting system designed for long-duration space missions. A plant growth in soil in space requires the understanding of water movement in soil void spaces under microgravity. Under 1G-force condition, on earth, water movement in porous media is driven by gradients of matric and gravitational potentials. Under microgravity condition, water movement in porous media is supposed to be driven only by a matric potential gradient, but it is still not well understood. We hypothesized that under microgravity water in void spaces of porous media hardly moved comparing in void spaces without obstacles because the concave surfaces of the porous media hindered water movement. The objective of this study was to investigate water movement on the convex surfaces of porous media under microgravity. We conducted parabolic flight experiments that provided 20–25?s of microgravity at the top of a parabolic flight. We observed water movement in void spaces in soil-like porous media made by glass beads and glass spheres (round-bottomed glass flasks) in the different conditions of water injection under microgravity. Without water injection, water did not move much in neither glass beads nor glass spheres. When water was injected during microgravity, water accumulated in contacts between the particles, and the water made thick fluid films on the particles surface. When the water injection was stopped under microgravity, water was held in the contacts between the particles. This study showed that water did not move upward in the void spaces with or without the water injection. In addition, our results suggested that the difficulty of water movement on the convex (i.e. particle surfaces) might result in slower water move in porous media under microgravity than at 1G-force.     

Verification of shielding effect by the water-filled materials for space radiation in the International Space Station using passive dosimeters

The dose reduction effects for space radiation by installation of water shielding material (“protective curtain”) of a stack board consisting of the hygienic wipes and towels have been experimentally evaluated in the International Space Station by using passive dosimeters. The averaged water thickness of the protective curtain was 6.3 g/cm². The passive dosimeters consisted of a combination of thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) and plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs). Totally 12 passive dosimeter packages were installed in the Russian Service Module during late 2010. Half of the packages were located at the protective curtain surface and the other half were at the crew cabin wall behind or aside the protective curtain. The mean absorbed dose and dose equivalent rates are measured to be 327 μGy/day and 821 μSv/day for the unprotected packages and 224 μGy/day and 575 μSv/day for the protected packages, respectively. The observed dose reduction rate with protective curtain was found to be 37 ± 7% in dose equivalent, which was consistent with the calculation in the spherical water phantom by PHITS. The contributions due to low and high LET particles were found to be comparable in observed dose reduction rate. The protective curtain would be effective shielding material for not only trapped particles (several 10 MeV) but also for low energy galactic cosmic rays (several 100 MeV/n). The properly utilized protective curtain will effectively reduce the radiation dose for crew living in space station and prolong long-term mission in the future.     

透光脉动值在絮凝实验研究中的应用

通过理论分析和实验研究，以流动原水为研究对象，首次考察了PAM、PAC、PAF和PFS几种絮凝剂在絮凝过程中的透光脉动值变化。结果表明，不同种类絮凝剂投加条件下所形成的絮凝体具有不同的特性，能及时得到絮凝体破碎和重组的有关信息。     

大连春季一次平流海雾天气过程分析

本文从天气形势背景、水文气象条件等方面分析2012年4月下旬发生在大连地区的一次平流海雾过程;重点探讨大连地区春季海雾的形成机制与大雾形成的水汽来源等问题。在东南风的引导下,暖湿空气流经冷的海面是成雾的主要机制;天气形势稳定少动是这次大雾天气持续时间较长的主要原因。