热处理细化Ti46Al8.5Nb0.2W合金的铸态组织

用风冷（ＧＦＣ）／回火再加在１０００～１２００℃之间的循环热处理的方法对Ｔｉ４６Ａｌ８．５Ｎｂ０．２Ｗ 合金的铸态合金的组织细化进行了研究。结果表明：风冷（ＧＦＣ）／回火处理能快速地破碎Ｔｉ４６Ａｌ８．５Ｎｂ０．２Ｗ 合金的铸态组织,得到双态组织（ＤＭ）,并且组织比较均匀。循环热处理是在１０００～１２００℃之间进行,循环热处理能有效地阻止已经存在的γ晶粒的异常长大,并且能使空冷形成的亚稳层片迅速均匀地等轴化成ＮＧ组织。     

An inversion approach for lunar regolith layer thickness using optical albedo data and microwave emission simulation

An approach to inversion of the lunar regolith layer thickness by using multi-channel brightness temperature observation in passive microwave remote sensing is developed. To first make simulation of brightness temperature from the lunar layered media, the lunar regolith layer thickness (d) is proposed being constructed by available lunar DEM (digital elevation mapping) and on site measurements. The physical temperature distribution (T) over the lunar surface is also empirically assumed as a monotonic function of the latitude. Optical albedo of the lunar nearside from the telescopic observation is employed to construct the spatial distribution of the FeO+TiO₂ content (S) in the lunar regolith layer. A statistic relationship between the DEM and S of the lunar nearside is further extended to construction of S of the lunar farside. Thus, the dielectric permittivity (ε) of global lunar regolith layer can then be determined. Based on all these conditions (d,T,ε), brightness temperature of the lunar regolith layer in passive microwave remote sensing, which is planned for China's Chang-E lunar project, is numerically simulated by a parallel layering model using the strong fluctuation theory of random media.Then, taking these simulations with random noise as observations, an inversion method of the lunar regolith layer thickness is developed by using three- or two-channels brightness temperatures. When the S is low, and the four channels brightness temperatures in China's Chang-E project are well distinguishable, the regolith layer thickness and physical temperature of the underlying lunar rock media can be inverted by the three-channels approach. When the S becomes high that the brightness temperature at high frequency channels such as 19.35, 37 GHz are saturated, the regolith layer thickness is alternatively inverted only by the two-channels approach.Numerical simulation and inversion approach in this paper make an evaluation of the performance for lunar passive microwave remote sensing, and for future data calibration and validation.     

深基坑支护技术的质量控制——以预应力锚杆和钻孔灌注桩组合为例

分析采用预应力锚杆和钻孔灌注桩组合深基坑支护技术,在施工过程中存在的缺陷类型和形成原因,指出为了确保支护结构施工质量,制订相应的改进措施,经过实践验证,表明了措施的安全性及有效性。     

Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity—Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO₂ supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8.     

基于微元能质比的辐射器散热性能分析方法

对管肋式单相流体回路辐射器的散热性能计算方法进行了研究。首先建立了管肋式辐射器传热过程数学模型及微元能质比(辐射器微元段单位质量散热能力)表达式,并采用数值求解方法得出了微元能质比随工质温度呈现二次曲线的变化规律,进而提出了以辐射器微元能质比为基础的辐射器散热性能分析方法,以神舟飞船辐射器为例进行了求解验证,证明采用此方法求解辐射器散热性能有效且方便快捷,具有较强的实用性和良好的工程应用价值。     

同步卫星E/W轨道控制盒划分策略

对于当代同步轨道通信卫星来说,星载设备寿命一般都高于星载燃料使用寿命,因此卫星设计寿命都是以星载燃料消耗殆尽为依据的。卫星轨道保持不仅是卫星测控任务的重要工作之一,同时也是星载燃料消耗的主要途径。文中从卫星平经度漂移量、测站定轨精度、星载推进器推力误差、卫星南北机动对东西方向耦合等多方面探讨同步轨道通信卫星E/W轨道保持策略,介绍一种细化轨道控制区间、估算偏心率控制圆半径范围的方法。     

Cu58MnCo钎焊1Cr11Ni2W2MoV马氏体不锈钢接头组织与性能

采用Cu58MnCo钎焊连接1Cr11Ni2W2MoV,研究了工作气氛、钎焊温度和保温时间对接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明：钎焊接头主要包括α''+[γ（Fe）,γ（Mn）]相,α（Co）+δ相和[Cu,γ（Mn）]+α（Mn）相;钎焊温度升高或保温时间延长,α''+[γ（Fe）,γ（Mn）]相和[Cu,γ（Mn）]+α（Mn）相增多,α（Co）+δ相含量减少,接头拉剪强度降低;工作气氛为70 Pa时所获接头性能优于真空度1×10^－2下所得的接头性能。     

Al 量对 Ni-Al-Hf-Cr-W 系合金显微组织结构的影响

研究了Ni-20Hf-8Cr-8W-（4～6）Al系列合金的显微组织以及Al含量对共晶组织的影响,结果表明：此系列合金中,随着Al含量的微小变化,会析出不同的共晶组织;当Al含量大于5.5wt%时,出现（β-NiAl+Ni7Hf2）或（γ′+β-NiAl+Ni7Hf2）共晶：当Al量小于5.5wt%时,会出现（γ′+Ni7Hf2）、（γ+γ′+Ni7Hf2）或（γ+Ni7Hf2）共晶组织。并且得出（Ni-20Hf-8Cr-8W-5.3Al）wt%的合金具有（γ′+Ni7Hf2）共晶,适宜选做为以Ni7Hf2增强的共晶复合材料的合金成份。     

W波段对脊鳍线过渡的波导微带转换设计CSCD

本文研究了 W 波段对脊鳍线过渡的波导—微带转换技术,对余弦平方渐变和 Spline 曲线渐变两种形式的对脊鳍线过渡进行了分析和仿真,并设计制作了 Spline 曲线形式的波导-对脊鳍线-微带转换,结构为背靠背。在整个 W 波段,单个过渡结构插入损耗小于1.3dB,回波损耗小于-13dB,在（90～99）GHz 内,单个过渡结构插入损耗小于1.0dB,回波损耗小于-20dB,实现了很好的宽带过渡性能。     

基于六何分析法的商用飞机构型控制研究

构型控制是构型管理的基本要素之一,结合商用飞机的产品特点,提出一种多层次的构型定义结构。以商用飞机的构型控制为例,采用六何分析法研究构型控制的目标、构型控制的对象、构型控制的起点、构型控制的角色和职责、构型控制的流程和方法,以及构型控制的工作环境,同时分析存在的问题并提出相应的建议:在项目初期,商用飞机的构型管理者在分析上述六个要素的基础上,再结合项目自身特点,提前规划,选择合理的工作目标、具有针对性的管理策略和差异化的实施路径,以提高构型控制的效率。