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An approach to inversion of the lunar regolith layer thickness by using multi-channel brightness temperature observation in passive microwave remote sensing is developed. To first make simulation of brightness temperature from the lunar layered media, the lunar regolith layer thickness (d) is proposed being constructed by available lunar DEM (digital elevation mapping) and on site measurements. The physical temperature distribution (T) over the lunar surface is also empirically assumed as a monotonic function of the latitude. Optical albedo of the lunar nearside from the telescopic observation is employed to construct the spatial distribution of the FeO+TiO2 content (S) in the lunar regolith layer. A statistic relationship between the DEM and S of the lunar nearside is further extended to construction of S of the lunar farside. Thus, the dielectric permittivity (ε) of global lunar regolith layer can then be determined. Based on all these conditions (d,T,ε), brightness temperature of the lunar regolith layer in passive microwave remote sensing, which is planned for China's Chang-E lunar project, is numerically simulated by a parallel layering model using the strong fluctuation theory of random media.Then, taking these simulations with random noise as observations, an inversion method of the lunar regolith layer thickness is developed by using three- or two-channels brightness temperatures. When the S is low, and the four channels brightness temperatures in China's Chang-E project are well distinguishable, the regolith layer thickness and physical temperature of the underlying lunar rock media can be inverted by the three-channels approach. When the S becomes high that the brightness temperature at high frequency channels such as 19.35, 37 GHz are saturated, the regolith layer thickness is alternatively inverted only by the two-channels approach.Numerical simulation and inversion approach in this paper make an evaluation of the performance for lunar passive microwave remote sensing, and for future data calibration and validation. 相似文献
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分析采用预应力锚杆和钻孔灌注桩组合深基坑支护技术,在施工过程中存在的缺陷类型和形成原因,指出为了确保支护结构施工质量,制订相应的改进措施,经过实践验证,表明了措施的安全性及有效性。 相似文献
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Katrin Paulsen Svantje Tauber Nadine Goelz Dana Michaela Simmet Stephanie Engeli Maria Birlem Claudia Dumrese Anissja Karer Sandra Hunziker Josefine Biskup Shalimar Konopasek Durie Suh Eva Hürlimann Christoph Signer Anna Wang Chen Sang Karl-Heinrich Grote Fengyuan Zhuang Oliver Ullrich 《Acta Astronautica》2014
During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO2 supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8. 相似文献
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对于当代同步轨道通信卫星来说,星载设备寿命一般都高于星载燃料使用寿命,因此卫星设计寿命都是以星载燃料消耗殆尽为依据的。卫星轨道保持不仅是卫星测控任务的重要工作之一,同时也是星载燃料消耗的主要途径。文中从卫星平经度漂移量、测站定轨精度、星载推进器推力误差、卫星南北机动对东西方向耦合等多方面探讨同步轨道通信卫星E/W轨道保持策略,介绍一种细化轨道控制区间、估算偏心率控制圆半径范围的方法。 相似文献
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采用Cu58MnCo钎焊连接1Cr11Ni2W2MoV,研究了工作气氛、钎焊温度和保温时间对接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明:钎焊接头主要包括α''+[γ(Fe),γ(Mn)]相,α(Co)+δ相和[Cu,γ(Mn)]+α(Mn)相;钎焊温度升高或保温时间延长,α''+[γ(Fe),γ(Mn)]相和[Cu,γ(Mn)]+α(Mn)相增多,α(Co)+δ相含量减少,接头拉剪强度降低;工作气氛为70 Pa时所获接头性能优于真空度1×10-2下所得的接头性能。 相似文献
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Al 量对 Ni-Al-Hf-Cr-W 系合金显微组织结构的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了Ni-20Hf-8Cr-8W-(4~6)Al系列合金的显微组织以及Al含量对共晶组织的影响,结果表明:此系列合金中,随着Al含量的微小变化,会析出不同的共晶组织;当Al含量大于5.5wt%时,出现(β-NiAl+Ni7Hf2)或(γ′+β-NiAl+Ni7Hf2)共晶:当Al量小于5.5wt%时,会出现(γ′+Ni7Hf2)、(γ+γ′+Ni7Hf2)或(γ+Ni7Hf2)共晶组织。并且得出(Ni-20Hf-8Cr-8W-5.3Al)wt%的合金具有(γ′+Ni7Hf2)共晶,适宜选做为以Ni7Hf2增强的共晶复合材料的合金成份。 相似文献
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构型控制是构型管理的基本要素之一,结合商用飞机的产品特点,提出一种多层次的构型定义结构。以商用飞机的构型控制为例,采用六何分析法研究构型控制的目标、构型控制的对象、构型控制的起点、构型控制的角色和职责、构型控制的流程和方法,以及构型控制的工作环境,同时分析存在的问题并提出相应的建议:在项目初期,商用飞机的构型管理者在分析上述六个要素的基础上,再结合项目自身特点,提前规划,选择合理的工作目标、具有针对性的管理策略和差异化的实施路径,以提高构型控制的效率。 相似文献