推力矢量和二元喷管

推力矢量是第四代战斗机获得过失速机动性的必要条件,而二元喷管又是推力矢量控制中性能较为优越的一类喷管。本文较全面地阐述了目前世界上推力矢量和二元喷管的发展和现况、二元喷管的构造和性能、二元喷管对改进飞机升阻特性和机动的作用。推力矢量能显著提高飞机在空战中的作战效率以及推力矢量控制所需的效能也在文中作了介绍。     

Modeling novel methodologies for unmanned aerial systems–Applications to the UAS-S4 Ehecatl and the UAS-S45 Bálaam

The rising demand for Unmanned Aerial Systems(UASs) to perform tasks in hostile environments has emphasized the need for their simulation models for the preliminary evaluations of their missions. The efficiency of the UAS model is directly related to its capacity to estimate its flight dynamics with minimum computational resources. The literature describes several techniques to estimate accurate aircraft flight dynamics. Most of them are based on system identification. This paper presents an alternative methodology to obtain complete model of the S4 and S45 unmanned aerial systems. The UAS-S4 and the UAS-S45 models were divided into four sub-models, each corresponding to a specific discipline: aerodynamics, propulsion, mass and inertia, and actuator. The‘‘aerodynamic" sub-model was built using the Fderivatives in-house code, which is an improvement of the classical DATCOM procedure. The ‘‘propulsion" sub-model was obtained by coupling a two-stroke engine model based on the ideal Otto cycle and a Blade Element Theory(BET) analysis of the propeller. The ‘‘mass and the inertia" sub-model was designed utilizing the Raymer and DATCOM methodologies. A sub-model of an actuator using servomotor characteristics was employed to complete the model. The total model was then checked by validation of each submodel with numerical and experimental data. The results indicate that the obtained model was accurate and could be used to design a flight simulator.     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

基于健康蜕化的航空发动机传感器故障诊断(英文)

改进在线故障诊断算法使其能适应发动机健康蜕化是目前故障诊断所面临的困难,如果诊断算法没有自适应能力,在发动机健康蜕化后将失去其诊断功能。为了解决此问题,提出在线故障诊断算法,采用跟踪滤波器估计发动机的健康状况,机载模型根据跟踪滤波器的估计结果进行更新。更新后的机载模型能够与真实的发动机相匹配。这使得当发动机健康蜕化后在线故障诊断仍能保持其有效性。最后采用一组卡尔曼滤波器来对航空发动机传感器故障进行诊断与隔离。通过设计好的一组卡尔曼滤波器,能够诊断并隔离出故障。本文使用非线性发动机模型来验证此方法,仿真结果表明本文提出的在线诊断方法在发动机健康蜕化后仍能保持其有效性。     

连续爆轰发动机的二维数值模拟研究

介绍了连续爆轰发动机(Continuous detonation engine,简称CDE)的物理模型及爆轰波传播的物理机理,并对CDE流场的波结构进行了分析.使用两步化学反应模型对简化的CDE模型做了二维数值模拟研究.计算了圆柱面展开二维平面的多个爆轰循环过程.模拟结果较好地匹配了相关CDE实验所获得的流场结构.数值计算结果使我们可以更加透彻地理解CDE各方面的参数,对于CDE的进一步研究具有一定的指导意义.      

预爆管式脉冲爆震原型机试验研究

为了实现多循环吸气式脉冲爆震发动机（PDE）在较短距离内缓燃向爆震的转捩,降低主爆管通过障碍物触发爆震的内部阻力损失,设计了预爆管和主爆管以同种混气（汽油/空气）为工作介质的两相PDE原型机,试验研究了爆震燃烧过程。研究表明：当预爆管出口扩张角度为45°时,可以实现爆震波在主爆管内向衍射面上、下游传播;设计的预爆管式PDE原型机可以实现最高频率为66.7 Hz的稳定间歇工作。     

冲压发动机尾喷管实验新方法

阐述冲压发动机尾喷管地面模拟实验的新方法。采用双爆轰技术产生稳定的高焓燃气模拟高马赫数飞行条件下冲压发动机的燃烧气体;利用皮托管测量尾喷管推力,并对测量误差进行了分析;为研究催化复合效应增大推力提供实验基础。     

回流口位置对液体火箭液氧贮箱热分层影响规律研究

低温液体火箭射前需要采用自然循环方式对火箭发动机进行充分预冷,循环预冷管路的回流口位置是影响液氧贮箱内部场分布的重要因素。本文采用CFD技术,通过对不同回流位置的液氧贮箱物理场的数值模拟,揭示了贮箱内部温度场及速度场的分布特性,分析了回流口位置对贮箱内部热分层的影响规律。研究表明,当回流口位于下封头以上2米位置时,贮箱内部液氧过冷度最大,过冷液体含量最多,回流位置最佳。此研究结果为运载火箭推进系统的设计提供了重要的理论支持。     

一种基于SNM降阶技术的整体叶盘结构失谐识别方法研究

本文以谐调叶盘有限元模型解析模态和失谐系统的实验测量模态作为基础信息,提出了一种整体叶盘结构失谐识别方法。该方法基于SNM降阶技术,大大降低了识别过程的计算花费以及对基础信息的要求;采用了子矩阵型技术使得失谐参数定义更加的自由,并使得该方法具有模型修正的功能;利用最可能向量技术处理实验测量模态振型,有效的限制了测量噪声、非线性等因素对识别过程的影响。最后以一个真实叶盘结构的数值仿真分析证明了该方法的正确及有效性。     

气膜孔内置扰动条作用下的射流-横流流场

为改善气膜冷却效率,提出了在倾斜气膜孔前缘内置扰动条的结构。通过与典型的圆柱形气膜孔流场的对比研究,总结出内置扰动条对流场的影响规律。研究结果表明,在射流-横流流场中,内置扰动条减小了射流向主流的穿透,使反向旋转涡对向壁面靠拢,穿透顶点下移;扰动条使下游反向涡对的强度增大;随着吹风比的增大,气膜孔下游同一位置处的流向涡强度增大,这一方面增加了主次流的相互掺混,另一方面也增大了流体沿展向的相互掺混。