试论CIS战略在航空运输企业的实施

自从IBM公司首创CIS战略并取得极大成功以来,CIS的浪潮风起云涌。国内最早的CIS由太阳神引发,此后历经十几年的积淀,出现了海尔、联想等范例。当今,中国航空运输企业要进入国际市场,同样离不开深刻、完整的CIS和与之相关的品牌运作的理念。以“势”的运用为核心,分析CIS战略在航空运输企业的运作过程,目的在于通过CIS战略的实施,确立企业的品牌形象,提升企业的综合竞争能力,使其在国际市场的竞争中占有一席之地。     

"三工问题"与和谐城市的构建

我国国有企业,特别是大型国有企业的改制不到位,改革深层次矛盾日益突出,政治、社会领域的改革滞后以及法制不健全、监督机制不灵等原因直接导致我国城市中出现“三工问题”。“三工问题”是指由于工人下岗、工厂改制、工业调整所带来的经济社会问题,主要包括工人失业、权力腐败、分配不公、国有资产流失和被侵吞、群体事件、失地农民的安置等诸多经济社会问题,解决好这些问题直接关系到社会稳定和和谐城市的构建。现阶段应主要从完善社会保障、发展职业培训、健全权力制衡、调节收入分配、强化社会监督、化解社会矛盾、整顿工业园区、安置失地农民八个方面入手解决城市“三工问题”。     

航天材料热物理性能测试技术的发展现状

根据航天材料热物理性能测试技术的特点 ,系统介绍了国内航天材料热物理性能测试技术的发展状况和发展趋势 ,并详细介绍了目前我国航天材料热物理性能测试领域中所具备的测试技术和测试装置、航天热物理性能所涉及的研究领域和内容以及目前正在开展的研究工作。     

Modeling novel methodologies for unmanned aerial systems–Applications to the UAS-S4 Ehecatl and the UAS-S45 Bálaam

The rising demand for Unmanned Aerial Systems(UASs) to perform tasks in hostile environments has emphasized the need for their simulation models for the preliminary evaluations of their missions. The efficiency of the UAS model is directly related to its capacity to estimate its flight dynamics with minimum computational resources. The literature describes several techniques to estimate accurate aircraft flight dynamics. Most of them are based on system identification. This paper presents an alternative methodology to obtain complete model of the S4 and S45 unmanned aerial systems. The UAS-S4 and the UAS-S45 models were divided into four sub-models, each corresponding to a specific discipline: aerodynamics, propulsion, mass and inertia, and actuator. The‘‘aerodynamic" sub-model was built using the Fderivatives in-house code, which is an improvement of the classical DATCOM procedure. The ‘‘propulsion" sub-model was obtained by coupling a two-stroke engine model based on the ideal Otto cycle and a Blade Element Theory(BET) analysis of the propeller. The ‘‘mass and the inertia" sub-model was designed utilizing the Raymer and DATCOM methodologies. A sub-model of an actuator using servomotor characteristics was employed to complete the model. The total model was then checked by validation of each submodel with numerical and experimental data. The results indicate that the obtained model was accurate and could be used to design a flight simulator.     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

空间相机中与大口径透镜有关的结构设计分析

某空间相机镜头在光学设计时,因透过率、吸收率等原因,为了满足光学系统要求,经过各方面平衡后,其中有一片透镜比正常径厚比设计的偏薄些。在镜头总体结构设计时,单独对该镜片及与之相配的结构件进行了有限元分析和实验检测,发现不同的结构形式对镜片面形影响不同。为了解决这一问题,在实验中进行了探讨,以保证整个相机系统满足空间相机的实用要求。     

A review of topology optimization for additive manufacturing: Status and challenges

Topology optimization was developed as an advanced structural design methodology to generate innovative lightweight and high-performance configurations that are difficult to obtain with conventional ideas. Additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing technique building as-designed structures via layer-by-layer joining material, providing an alternative pattern for complex components. The integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing can make the most of their advantages and potentials, and has wide application prospects in modern manufacturing. This article reviews the main content and applications of the research on the integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing in recent years, including multi-scale or hierarchical structural optimization design and topology optimization considering additive manufacturing constraints. Meanwhile, some challenges of structural design approaches for additive manufacturing are discussed, such as the performance characterization and scale effects of additively manufactured lattice structures, the anisotropy and fatigue performance of additively manufactured material, and additively manufactured functionally graded material issues, etc. It is shown that in the research of topology optimization for additive manufacturing, the integration of material, structure, process and performance is important to pursue high-performance, multi-functional and lightweight production. This article provides a reference for further related research and aerospace applications.     

用于航天器贮箱的复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤及其渗漏规律研究

得益于优异的力学性能和减质优势,贮箱复合材料化已成为新一代航天器的重要特征之一,而复合材料贮箱的冲击后渗漏问题须要重点关注。针对一种用于航天器贮箱的含表层机织布复合材料层合板,通过依次开展低速冲击试验、C扫描损伤检测和氦质谱渗漏检测,获取不同能量冲击后层合板的内部分层损伤和渗漏率,并对比分析了机织布分别置于冲击侧和背侧时层合板的渗漏规律。结果表明,将机织布层置于冲击背侧时,层合板的冲击渗漏门槛值显著提高,且发生渗漏时出现目视可见损伤。     

面向3D打印的设计制造一体化探索

紧密围绕航天结构未来发展需求,以增材制造复杂产品研发为研究对象,对实现设计制造一体化的技术路线和关键技术进行分析。把设计、仿真和制造有机统一起来,把工艺设计纳入结构设计流程,通过仿真驱动设计来提高产品质量、降低制造成本。研究成果可应用于航天领域增材制造产品研发,对传统设计制造模式向智能制造转型具有积极探索意义。     

一种未来大型天地往返运输系统平台气动方案

针对未来低运行成本、可直接水平起降、重复使用的大型天地往返运输系统平台飞行器研制所需重点解决的全速域气动力性能需求与气动热防护匹配等难题,分析了典型航天飞机方案所存在的能量运行缺陷等主要问题及可能的改善方案。基于放宽气动热防护设计、涡轮/冲压/火箭发动机三动力组合、嵌套式旋转机翼全速域变体、在爬升阶段将飞行动能转化为高度势能以及再入阶段“跳跃式”盘旋减速飞行轨迹控制等设计思想,从能量损失速率控制和回收利用等角度出发,开展了一种新型大型天地往返运输系统平台气动布局概念设计研究。全速域气动力/热性能工程估算以及内/外流整体气动效能初步分析结果表明,该方案可有效满足整个飞行包线内的升重平衡需求,相比航天飞机方案具有显著的整体气动效能优势,值得进一步开展深入研究。