Finding the suitable drag-free acceleration noise level for future low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking geodesy missions

This paper evaluates the impact of residual acceleration noise on the estimation of the Earth’s time-varying gravity field for future low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking missions. The goal is to determine the maximum level of residual acceleration noise that does not adversely affect the estimation error. The Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) has provided monthly average gravity field solutions in spherical harmonic coefficients for more than a decade. It provides information about land and ocean mass variations with a spatial resolution of ～350?km and with an accuracy within 2?cm throughout the entire Earth. GRACE Follow-on was launched in May 2018 to advance the work of GRACE and to test a new laser ranging interferometer, which measures the range between the two satellites with higher precision than the K-Band ranging system used in GRACE. Moreover, there have been simulation studies that show, an additional pair of satellites in an inclined orbit increases the sampling frequency and reduces temporal aliasing errors. Given the fact that future missions will likely continue to use the low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking formation with laser ranging interferometry, it is expected that the residual acceleration noise will become one of the largest error contributor for the time-variable gravity field solution. We evaluate three different levels of residual acceleration noise based on demonstrated drag-free systems to find a suitable drag-free performance target for upcoming geodesy missions. We analyze both a single collinear polar pair and the optimal double collinear pair of drag-free satellites and assume the use of a laser ranging interferometer. A partitioned best linear unbiased estimator that was developed, incorporating several novel features from the ground up is used to compute the solutions in terms of spherical harmonics. It was found that the suitable residual acceleration noise level is around 2?×?10^?12?ms^?2?Hz^?1/2. Decreasing the acceleration noise below this level did not result in more accurate gravity field solutions for the chosen mission architecture.     

Scaling procedures of cabin noise generated by turbulent boundary layer excitation

This paper presents a new method for measuring the cabin noise of a structure in a wind tunnel. A method for scaling the cabin sound was derived to obtain the cabin noise of a structure, and the derivation of the scaling procedure was based on a theoretical hypothesis regarding the cabin noise prediction for a scaled model in a wind tunnel. A frequency offset was generated because of the error introduced by model manufacture and installation, and a proposed modal test method was used to eliminate the frequency offset. Both a full-scale structure and scaled structure were measured in the wind tunnel tests. The cabin noise of the full-scale model was compared with the results obtained using the scaling procedure based on the scaled model. The comparisons of the measurement results indicate that the scaling procedures developed in this paper are effective for vibro-acoustic predictions in wind tunnels. Moreover, background noise tended to affect the results of the cabin sound for the wind tunnel test, and thus background noise should be prevented through specific design efforts.     

A new stochastic model considering satellite clock interpolation errors in precise point positioning

Precise clock products are typically interpolated based on the sampling interval of the observational data when they are used for in precise point positioning. However, due to the occurrence of white noise in atomic clocks, a residual component of such noise will inevitable reside within the observations when clock errors are interpolated, and such noise will affect the resolution of the positioning results. In this paper, which is based on a twenty-one-week analysis of the atomic clock noise characteristics of numerous satellites, a new stochastic observation model that considers satellite clock interpolation errors is proposed. First, the systematic error of each satellite in the IGR clock product was extracted using a wavelet de-noising method to obtain the empirical characteristics of atomic clock noise within each clock product. Then, based on those empirical characteristics, a stochastic observation model was structured that considered the satellite clock interpolation errors. Subsequently, the IGR and IGS clock products at different time intervals were used for experimental validation. A verification using 179 stations worldwide from the IGS showed that, compared with the conventional model, the convergence times using the stochastic model proposed in this study were respectively shortened by 4.8% and 4.0% when the IGR and IGS 300-s-interval clock products were used and by 19.1% and 19.4% when the 900-s-interval clock products were used. Furthermore, the disturbances during the initial phase of the calculation were also effectively improved.     

高超声速流动中噪声与湍流度的关系

在不可压缩流动中，湍流度对流动失稳与转捩的影响机制有很多研究成果，已发展了一些依据其大小预测流动转捩的模型应用于工程设计。但在高速可压缩流动中，湍流度很难测量，给该速域的流动转捩预测建模带来困难。近年来的研究表明，高速流场（马赫数≥3）中的噪声是影响流动转捩提前与推迟，甚至决定转捩途径的关键因素。但流场噪声与湍流度对流场的激励机制有没有内在联系，或流场噪声与湍流度理论上是否存在相互关联，迄今仍缺少理论分析结果。由于可压缩流场中噪声的测量相对容易，因此探讨流场噪声与湍流度之间的定量关系具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。讨论了Euler系统中各类双曲波特性，重点分析了流场声波中脉动压力与脉动速度的本质联系，从理论上得到了声压级与声致湍流度的关系。同时，为了对影响湍流度的因素有更全面的认识，导出了非声扰动与非声致湍流度的关系。为建立高速流动转捩预测模型和探讨天地一致性问题，奠定了一定的研究基础。     

斜下降旋翼桨涡干扰声源定位及表面压力

旋翼桨-涡干扰（BVI）是直升机在进场和离场等近地飞行时后行桨叶切割前行桨叶脱落桨尖涡产生的气动扰动，该扰动不仅对桨叶表面压力载荷产生激励作用，同时也会引起旋翼噪声出现激增，旋翼噪声激增的主要成分为桨-涡干扰噪声。本文首先对斜下降桨-涡干扰状态桨叶表面载荷进行数值计算；然后分别阐述了基于改进整周期同步平均旋翼噪声去噪方法、基于多层小波包分解的桨-涡干扰声源识别和分离方法以及基于bartlett时延计算和球面插值的声源定位方法，设计并开展了风洞斜下降状态桨-涡干扰桨叶表面压力和声源定位试验，给出了开发的声源定位软件界面、声源定位图像畸变校准方法及声阵列现场校准方法；最后对比分析了不同试验状态的桨-涡干扰噪声声源特性以及和桨叶表面压力之间的关联性，并给出了声源定位及表面压力试验数据分析结果。结果表明典型斜下降状态后行侧桨-涡干扰主要出现在方位角310°~330°、径向位置1.6~1.8 m桨盘平面区域。     

A model-scale test on noise from single-stream nozzle exhaust geometries in static conditions

A model-scale test with single-stream nozzle exhaust geometries was carried out at the anechoic chamber of Beihang University in Beijing, China. The spectral characteristics are investigated, and the effects of the following parametric variations are reported in this paper: impact of nozzle operating conditions on spectra; impact of the presence of a plug; and effectiveness of chevron configurations for noise mitigation. The measurement shows that the change of pressure values has more impact on spectra than the change of temperature values. The spectral change due to pressure is shown at all band numbers for unheated conditions whereas it is more pronounced at high-frequency ranges for heated conditions. An impact of the presence of a plug is also clearly observed. The reduction of noise is moderate up to band number of 35, and becomes more significant at higher band numbers. It is observed that chevron nozzles are more efficient at high pressure and temperature values. It is expected that the quantified analysis will be used to develop an empirical model of single jet noise, which will be the baseline for the development of prediction of noise from turbofan engines of high bypass ratios.     

导航信号IQ正交性测试软件设计与实现CSCD

针对通用的商用仪器不能适用现代导航信号IQ正交性的测试要求,开发一种基于Matlab GUI环境的导航信号IQ正交性测试软件。该软件通过网络接口控制高速数字示波器,对导航信号源的秒脉冲信号和导航信号进行双通道高速数据采样,根据秒脉冲信号确定导航信号起始点,截取导航信号数据,采用本地数字波形对导航信号进行匹配滤波和伪随机码同步等数字信号处理,精密估计I和Q支路载波初始相位,从而得到IQ正交性测试结果。软件具有界面友好,操作简单,显示直观等特点。仿真测试结果表明,在典型载噪比情况下,测试软件所得到的测试结果随机误差小于0.5°。     

基于半导体可饱和吸收镜的耦合光电振荡器

针对微波光子射频系统对高质量的高重频光脉冲的迫切需求，提出和研究基于半导体可饱和吸收镜的耦合光电振荡器，利用饱和吸收效应有效抑制超模噪声，有效改善耦合光电振荡器中超模噪声带来的光脉冲抖动问题。对半导体可饱和吸收镜抑制噪声的机理进行理论分析，并搭建实验系统，实现重频为10.6 GHz的光脉冲产生，超模抑制比达到55.3 dB，相应射频信号的边模抑制比为79.7 dB，相位噪声为-108 dBc/Hz@10 kHz。该方案创新性地将半导体可饱和吸收镜引入耦合光电振荡器中，实现对超模噪声的抑制，并为系统的小型化和集成化提供了关键技术支撑。     

一种适合星载多光谱图像的压缩算法研究

文章提出了一种适合星载多光谱（4个谱段）图像压缩方法,根据多光谱图像之间相关性较强和卫星对地通道传输速率有限的特点,利用谱段变换,调整各谱段之间的信息量分配,形成新的谱段数据,并对新谱段数据压缩比进行适当调整,完成多光谱图像数据压缩。采用此算法后,可以使平均压缩比不变的情况下,4个谱段恢复的多光谱图像大部分峰值信噪比（Peak Signal Noise Ratio,PSNR）与直接压缩图像后的PSNR值相比有所提高。     

压制干扰噪声质量数字测定方法研究

为了检验压制噪声干扰机的性能,研究了基于实际噪声样本数据的噪声质量测定方法.通过跟踪噪声干扰技术的最新进展,深入分析Turner、Daly和Taylor提出的三种噪声质量度量方法的基本原理及各自存在的局限性,提出一种改进的噪声质量数字测定方法.该方法继承了Turher噪声质量在时域度量噪声概率密度函数高斯性科学有效的特...