带多孔板的APU进气系统气动性能研究

为给一类APU进气系统设计提供参考,利用CFD方法,对带多孔板的双压气机构型的APU进气系统气动性能进行三维数值模拟.对多孔板开孔率为0.479的基准模型按照定配比和定总流量工况进行了研究.结果表明:APU进气系统总压损失包括多孔板附近的节流、掺混损失,喉道段流股碰撞损失,流道转弯到出口段的转弯、附面层损失;总压分布在径向上主要受流道曲率影响,周向上主要受多孔板元孔区影响.同时研究了不同开孔率下该APU进气系统气动性能.研究发现:开孔率增大,总压恢复系数随之增加;小开孔率时系统总压损失和负载端畸变主要受多孔板影响,大开孔率时流道曲率影响成主要因素.建议开孔率在0.4 ～0.6选取.     

大型客机机翼前缘缝翼气动及其机构一体化设计

前缘缝翼系统设计是一个涉及多目标、多学科综合的问题。针对这一复杂问题,首先解决了前缘缝翼支撑与驱动机构设计的诸多难点,然后利用CATIA二次开发技术,建立了一套气动和机构一体化设计平台,将前缘缝翼气动设计和机构设计有机地结合起来。大型客机前缘缝翼气动机构一体化设计子平台的功能是向用户提供前缘缝翼以及支撑与驱动机构设计参数的输入;然后驱动CATIA自动生成前缘缝翼起飞着陆状态的气动外形;在此基础上自动生成支撑与驱动机构零件,装配并仿真;最后通过高效的气动评估方法来评估前缘缝翼在机构引导下得到的起飞着陆性能是否满足总体设计要求。     

支撑板型线和径向倾斜设计对燃气轮机排气扩压器气动性能的影响

支撑板结构设计直接影响燃气轮机排气扩压器的流场结构和气动性能。本文在验证数值方法可靠的基础上,采用求解三维Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)和 湍流模型的方法对带进气导叶和支撑板的排气扩压器模型进行了研究,探究在四种进气预旋下,支撑板截面型线以及本文提出的支撑板径向倾斜设计方案对排气扩压器气动性能的影响。结果表明：进气预旋和支撑板设计方式相同时,截面型线更薄的支撑板更易导致流体在支撑板附近的分离及更大范围的尾迹流,从而增大总压损失;支撑板截面形状相同时,与径向垂直设计相比,支撑板采用径向倾斜设计使得排气扩压器通道面积变化更加平缓,从而使得在四种进气预旋下,排气扩压器的总压损失系数下降7%-20%。当支撑板截面型线宽长比为0.2时,相对于径向垂直设计,支撑板采用径向倾斜设计方式的排气扩压器静压恢复系数在进气预旋 和 时分别提升了4.7%和3.8%;但在支撑板截面型线宽长比为0.12和0.175时,支撑板采用径向倾斜设计方式会降低排气扩压器在进气预旋 和 时的静压恢复性能。     

典型特征参数对大转折APU进气道飞行性能影响的数值研究

为了给一种迎风开门式的辅助动力系统（APU）进气系统设计提供参考,采用基于后缘线轮廓及面积变化规律的参数化设计方法,通过对唇边顺滑修型,可以与唇口的锯齿前缘配合形成斜向下的进口段,利用数值模拟研究了进口形状、前缘面曲率和喉道位置这三个特征参数对此类大转折APU进气道性能的影响。计算结果表明：APU进气道损失主要来自于分离损失,进口形状主要影响导流面转折程度和进气道内压力梯度变化,前缘面曲率影响了分离区的尺度和强度,其中,前缘面曲率对出口气动性能影响较大,在设计状态下,适当增大前缘面曲率可使得出口总压恢复系数增大0.81%。在后缘面曲率不变的情况下,通过合理安排进口形状、前缘面曲率和喉道位置,可有效推迟分离的发生,减弱分离区强度。另外,在正攻角和侧滑状态下也表现出相同的趋势。     

叶尖掉块对跨声速压气机气动性能影响

为了支撑服役环境下压气机气动性能的评定,通过数值仿真研究了叶尖掉块对跨音速压气机转子气动性能的影响规律和机制。首先利用实验结果对数值仿真方法进行校验,验证了方法的可靠性,进一步对不同形式叶尖掉块下压气机气动性能进行了仿真分析。研究结果表明转子叶尖掉块会使得压气机正常工作状态下压比和效率略有降低,导致压气机近失速点流量明显增大;在大流量工况下压气机气动性能与掉块叶片的相对位置并无直接关联,但在近失速点,掉块叶片不相邻时会使得对压气机压比和效率下降更多,但近失速点流量对掉块叶片相对位置的变化并不敏感;转子叶尖掉块会增强叶尖区域泄漏流动,强的泄漏流动与叶片通道激波发生相互作用会引起泄漏涡的破碎,引起较大的流动堵塞和损失,导致压气机气动性能衰减;掉块叶片产生的流动堵塞和吸力面气流的膨胀加速会影响到吸力面侧的掉块叶片,进而限制泄漏流的发展,使得流动堵塞和损失维持在较低水平,但这种影响会随着掉块叶片距离的增大而减弱。     

Numerical study of a supercritical airfoil/wing with variable-camber technology

Variable-camber technology is considered an effective way to adaptively improve the aerodynamic performance of aircraft under various flight conditions. This paper studies the aerodynamic characteristics of the trailing-edge variable-camber technology by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and a drag decomposition method. Trailing-edge variable-camber technology can be simply realized by the continuous deflection of the flaps and ailerons of a wing. A supercritical airfoil is used to study the two-dimensional effect of variable-camber technology, and a wide-body airplane model is used to validate the three-dimensional improvement in the wing's airfoil made by variable-camber technology. An optimization strategy for airfoil that incorporates variable-camber technology is proposed. The optimization results demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain better results than the traditional segregated shape optimization.     

翼吊短舱形式发动机推/阻划分的风洞试验研究

为了确定在实际飞行条件下,当发动机状态变化时,进排气系统损失对飞机气动特性的影响,针对翼吊短舱形式的发动机开展了缩比模型风洞试验,分别进行了巡航构型与起飞构型,马赫数0.1,0.15,0.2,攻角0°～15°,发动机外涵喷管落压比1.22,1.32,1.44,1.53,1.61等条件下的风洞试验。通过数据分析,明确了该类型发动机推/阻划分的基本方法,分析了发动机状态变化时飞机气动特性的改变及修正方法。风洞试验结果表明:发动机状态变化对飞机升阻特性影响明显,必须建立合理的推/阻划分体系,对实际使用条件下,发动机状态变化引起的进排气损失进行修正,通过本文建立的推/阻划分体系,计算得到的发动机安装净推力与风洞试验结果最大偏差为1.6%。     

Effect of flexibility on unsteady aerodynamics forces of a purely plunging airfoil

Introducing flexibility into the design of a vertically flapping wing is an effective way to enhance its aerodynamic performance. As less previous studies on the aerodynamics of vertically flapping flexible wings focused on the lift generated in a wide range of angle of attack·a 2D numerical simulation of a purely plunging flexible airfoil is employed using a loose fluid–structure interaction method. The aerodynamics of a fully flexible airfoil are firstly studied with the flexibility and angle of attack. To verify whether an airfoil could get aerodynamic benefit from the change in structure, partially flexible airfoil with rigid leading edge and flexible trailing edge were further considered. Results show that flexibility could always reduce airfoil drag while lift and lift efficiency both peak at moderate flexibility. When freestream velocity is constant, lift is maximized at a high angle of attack about 40° while this optimal angle of attack reduces to 15° in drag-balanced status. The airfoil drag reduction, lift augmentation as well as efficiency enhancement mainly attribute to the passive pitching other than the camber deformation. Partially deformed airfoil with the longest length of moderate flexible trailing edge can achieve the highest lift. This study may provide some guidance in the wing design of Micro Air Vehicle (MAV).     

某型飞机起落架收放系统仿真与性能分析

起落架收放系统的性能对整机的安全性和舒适性具有直接影响。以国产在研某型飞机起落架收放系统为研究对象,利用该型飞机起落架收放机构的数学模型,采用LMS Virtual.Lab Rev的Motion模块和LMS Imagine.Lab AMESim软件进行起落架机构3D和起落架液压控制系统1D联合仿真,利用该联合仿真模型研究气动载荷对起落架收放系统的影响和上位锁阻尼参数对起落架收放性能的影响。结果表明:采用理论计算数值能够实现起落架在有限时间里的收放任务,考虑了气动载荷情况的仿真结果符合实际趋势;上位锁阻尼可作为优化设计的优先选取参数。     

Investigation of thermal protection system by forward-facing cavity and opposing jet combinatorial configuration

 This paper focuses on the usage of the forward-facing cavity and opposing jet combinatorial configuration as the thermal protection system (TPS) for hypersonic vehicles. A hemispherecone nose-tip with the combinatorial configuration is investigated numerically in hypersonic free stream. Some numerical results are validated by experiments. The flow field parameters, aerodynamic force and surface heat flux distribution are obtained. The influence of the opposing jet stagnation pressure on cooling efficiency of the combinatorial TPS is discussed. The detailed numerical results show that the aerodynamic heating is reduced remarkably by the combinatorial system. The recirculation region plays a pivotal role for the reduction of heat flux. The larger the stagnation pressure of opposing jet is, the more the heating reduction is. This kind of combinatorial system is suitable to be the TPS for the high-speed vehicles which need long-range and long time flight.