6-PUS并联加载机构模糊PID力控制系统设计

为对数控机床主轴进行多维力加载试验,首先建立了6-PUS并联加载机构的静力学模型,得到机构力雅克比矩阵,通过力雅克比矩阵将对机构末端多维力的控制转化为对单支链力的控制;其次,设计了单支链力模糊PID控制器;最后,在机构静态下,分别以传统PID和模糊PID控制器对6-PUS并联加载机构进行了多维力加载试验,加载力为F=(200,200,200,10,10,10)T的阶跃信号,对比发现模糊PID响应的力超调量在X、Y、Z各向均明显小于传统PID引起的超调量.     

Efficient aerodynamic shape optimization using variable-fidelity surrogate models and multilevel computational grids

A variable-fidelity method can remarkably improve the efficiency of a design optimization based on a high-fidelity and expensive numerical simulation, with assistance of lower-fidelity and cheaper simulation(s). However, most existing works only incorporate “two” levels of fidelity, and thus efficiency improvement is very limited. In order to reduce the number of high-fidelity simulations as many as possible, there is a strong need to extend it to three or more fidelities. This article proposes a novel variable-fidelity optimization approach with application to aerodynamic design. Its key ingredient is the theory and algorithm of a Multi-level Hierarchical Kriging (MHK), which is referred to as a surrogate model that can incorporate simulation data with arbitrary levels of fidelity. The high-fidelity model is defined as a CFD simulation using a fine grid and the lower-fidelity models are defined as the same CFD model but with coarser grids, which are determined through a grid convergence study. First, sampling shapes are selected for each level of fidelity via technique of Design of Experiments (DoE). Then, CFD simulations are conducted and the output data of varying fidelity is used to build initial MHK models for objective (e.g. C_D) and constraint (e.g. C_L, C_m) functions. Next, new samples are selected through infill-sampling criteria and the surrogate models are repetitively updated until a global optimum is found. The proposed method is validated by analytical test cases and applied to aerodynamic shape optimization of a NACA0012 airfoil and an ONERA M6 wing in transonic flows. The results confirm that the proposed method can significantly improve the optimization efficiency and apparently outperforms the existing single-fidelity or two-level-fidelity method.     

Machining fixture for adaptive CNC machining process of near-net-shaped jet engine blade

Low stiffness and positioning problems are difficulties and challenges in the precise machining of near-net-shaped blades. This paper aims to achieve high accuracy in manufacturing by fixture- and deformation-control in the adaptive CNC machining process. Adaptive CNC machining technology is first analyzed, and new fixture-evaluation criteria and methods to evaluate the adaptive CNC machining process fixture design are built. Second, a machining fixture is designed and manufactured after analyzing its positioning scheme, clamping scheme, materials (PEEK-GF30), and structure characteristics. Finally, the designed fixture is analyzed by FEA and experimentally verified by a cutting experiment. The results show that the deformation of the blade is an overall rigid-body displacement, the main deformation of the blade-fixture system occurs on the four clamping heads, and this fixture can effectively protect the blade from local deformation. The proposed clamping-sequence method reliably and effectively controls the local maximum deformation of the blade. The system stiffness is increased by 20 Hz, with each clamping force increased by 200 N. Both high- and low-frequency displacement in roughing milling or finishing milling are acceptable relative to the accuracy demand of blade machining. This fixture and an adaptive CNC machining process can achieve high accuracy in blade manufacturing.     

低雷诺数下高亚声速压气机叶型流动损失机理研究

以高亚声速压气机叶型为研究对象,利用数值模拟手段研究了不同雷诺数Re条件下叶片近壁面分离泡结构和边界层发展的内在关联,基于Denton损失模型,揭示了低Re下压气机叶型性能退化内因;在此基础上,通过叶型改型设计,获得两种不同载荷分布的新叶型,对比分析了载荷分布对分离泡结构和叶型流动损失的影响。结果表明,Re从1.2×10~6降低到1.5×10~5时,吸力面分离泡长度增加11.2%轴向弦长,此时叶型边界层损失略有增加,而叶型尾迹损失增加接近150%,分离泡强烈的"位移效应"导致尾迹损失急剧增加是低Re下压气机叶型性能退化的主要原因;采用前加载叶型能够促使转捩提前发生,同时降低流向逆压梯度,有效抑制分离泡的形成和发展,改善低Re条件下高亚声速压气机叶型的气动性能。     

肋条布局对涡轮动叶凹槽状叶顶传热和气动性能的影响研究

为提高凹槽状叶顶气热性能,探究肋条布局对凹槽状叶顶间隙腔室内旋涡的调控作用和降低传热系数与气动损失的作用机制,采用数值求解三维Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)方程和k-ω湍流模型的方法研究了肋条布局对涡轮动叶凹槽状叶顶传热和气动性能的影响。基于GE-E~3涡轮级动叶凹槽状叶顶结构,在叶顶凹槽腔室内沿中弧线等间距设计了全肋条布局、吸力侧半肋条布局、压力侧半肋条结构和凹槽尾缘半肋条结构共4种肋条布局。数值模拟动叶叶顶传热系数分布与实验数据对比,验证了所采用的数值方法和湍流模型的有效性。结果表明:凹槽尾缘半肋条布局的叶顶平均传热系数比凹槽状叶顶结构、全肋条布局、吸力侧半肋条和压力侧半肋条布局分别低了11.3%,3.1%,11.3%和2.8%;压力侧半肋条布局与凹槽尾缘半肋条布局的动叶出口截面总压损失系数相近,比凹槽状叶顶结构、全肋条布局和吸力侧半肋条布局分别减小了1.4%,2.7%和4.0%。肋条布局能够有效降低凹槽状叶顶间隙腔室内的旋涡强度,减少叶片的气动损失;同时上游凹槽腔室强度较弱的旋涡通过凹槽尾缘半肋条布局进入下游凹槽腔室,降低了尾缘区域的传热系数。凹槽尾缘半肋条布局的动叶叶顶具有最佳的气热性能。     

基于直接模拟蒙特卡洛方法的真空羽流不确定量化研究

真实流动环境下的真空羽流必然存在着各种不确定性,那么确定性输入条件的数值模拟必然会存在偏差,因此需进一步研究不确定性对羽流流动特征的影响规律。本文采用直接模拟蒙特卡洛(DSMC)方法,对不确定性输入的羽流流场进行模拟;采用稀疏的概率配置点方法对来流、壁面及模型参数等输入不确定量进行描述,对不确定性的传播和输出目标的平均值、方差及不确定度进行计算。研究表明,流场不确定性沿流线传播至流速最大处之后迅速增强,并在声速线前出现骤减的现象;传播至声速线之后,挡板壁面输入不确定性的影响凸显。其中最为显著的是,压力不确定度在挡板驻点位置达到全场最大值,约为输入不确定量(3.54%)的2.1倍。此外,温度跳跃不确定度受到壁面温度不确定性输入的限制而近似保持为一个恒定值,约为输入不确定度的0.8倍。进而,壁面热流不确定度(5.54%)比壁面正应力不确定度(6.25%)略小,切应力不确定度最小(5.07%)。Sobol’全局敏度分析表明,喉道速度和喉道压力的输入不确定性对气动力/热不确定度的贡献是最大的,且远远超过了壁面温度和模拟分子直径不确定性输入的贡献。     

海军航空兵协同攻击优化模型

针对海军航空兵现代作战的特点,应用对策论中合作对策基本原理、shapley值概念以及相应的计算模型,分析了各作战编组对势力值的影响因素,提出了基于对策空间的兵力编组优化分析算法,改进了海军航空兵兵力协同作战编组的优化技术与方法。     

飞机轮轴向力值测量系统的现场校准方法与研究

飞机轮轴向力值测量系统主要包括力传感器和计算机采集系统,它们不易拆卸也不能拆卸下来送到校准试验室进行校准,因此必须进行现场校准。由于飞机轮的外形轮廓类似于圆柱形,承受载荷的轮胎表面是圆弧形,并且有两个飞机轮同时向前滚动等原因,因此对飞机轮轴向力值系统的现场校准是非常有难度的。本文通过对飞机轮轴向力值测量系统的分析,根据它的特点,研究出一套V形块现场校准装置和校准方法,并对此方法的可行性进行分析。     

自动钻铆最佳干涉量试验研究

在MPAC自动钻铆机上采用不同压铆力对7075铝板进行自动钻铆试验研究,分析了压铆力对干涉量和疲劳寿命的影响,得出了压铆力为21kN时试件的疲劳寿命最好,此时的干涉量为1.53%~1.77%。通过压铆力与镦头膨胀率之间的线性关系,得出最佳干涉量的直观判断方法,即镦头膨胀率为76.85%左右时试件取得最佳干涉量。     

弹性边界试验获取自由状态频响方法研究

大型柔性航天结构的一阶频率可能低至0.1 Hz,采用自由悬吊方法进行结构自由状态频响测试难以满足要求,因为它要求悬吊频率远低于待测结构的一阶频率。为解决这一问题,文章研究了弹性边界试验方法:对待测结构施加弹性支撑,在分别获得整体与支撑结构频响后,通过频域子结构解耦方法,去除支撑结构对待测结构的影响,以得到待测结构自由状态的频响。试验结果表明,这一方法是可行的,可以考虑进一步应用于实际工程结构。