自动倒码式力标准机技术及其应用

静重式力标准机是最重要的力值计量、传递仪器之一。采用倒换砝码的加载方法,只需少量的砝码,可以实现大范围测量应用,并减小设备体积。理论上,一台较大规格的自动倒码式力标准机可以替代其容量以下所有规格的设备。分析了加载过程中砝码倒换的力学原理,论述了所研制的自动倒码式力标准机的工作原理及其自动监控问题,并进行了应用实验。结果表明,关于砝码倒换的力学原理的理论分析和力标准机的监控方法是正确和有效的。自动倒码式力标准机非常适合于包括宇航推力计量器具在内的各种测力仪的标定和校准。     

内啮合转子压缩机气体力及力矩研究

首先分析了内啮合转子压缩机第一个工作腔内压力分布情况,得到了其他各腔压力分布的计算方法,然后根据压力的分布,研究了内外转子的受力情况,得到了内外转子上所承受的气体力和力矩随转角的变化关系,并和其他旋转压缩机进行了对比。研究的结果表明,内外转子上由于工作腔气体压力不相等所造成的气体力和力矩呈周期性变化,其周期为2π/Z2,通过和其他压缩机的比较表明该压缩机的力学性能优良。     

Effects of surface roughness on the aerodynamic performance of a high subsonic compressor airfoil at low Reynolds number

The aerodynamic performance of compressor airfoil is significantly affected by the surface roughness at low Reynolds number (Re). In the present study, numerical simulations have been conducted to investigate the impact of surface roughness on the profile loss of a high subsonic compressor airfoil at Re = 1.5 × 10⁵. Four roughness locations, covering 10%, 30%, 50% and 100% of the suction surface from the leading edge and seven roughness magnitudes (R_a) ranging from 52 to 525 μm were selected. Results showed that the surface roughness mainly determined the loss generation process by influencing the structure of the Laminar Separation Bubble (LSB) and the turbulence level near the wall. For all the roughness locations, the variation trend for the profile loss with the roughness magnitude was similar. In the transitionally rough region, the negative displacement effect of the LSB was suppressed with the increase of roughness magnitude, leading to a maximum decrease of 14.6%, 16.04%, 16.45% and 10.20% in the profile loss at R_a = 157 μm for the four roughness locations, respectively. However, with a further increase of the roughness magnitude in the fully rough region, the stronger turbulent dissipation enhanced the growth rate of the turbulent boundary layer and increased the profile loss instead. By comparison, the leading edge roughness played a dominant role in the boundary layer development and performance variation. To take fully advantage of the surface roughness reducing profile loss at low Re, the effects of roughness on suppressing LSB and inducing strong turbulent dissipation should be balanced effectively.     

F-35 联合仿真环境(JSE)研究

美国空军F-35 联合仿真环境(JSE)旨在消除露天试验场的限制,通过仿真满足未来作战试验需求,但目前 JSE 开发严重滞后。通过分析洛克希德·马丁公司、美国空军与海军相关资料,明确了 JSE 分区域构建通过接口集成不同类型的服务。同时,JSE通过软件架构与硬件设施建设满足初始作战能力要求,其复杂性导致开发进度缓慢。虽多次延期影响了F-35的初始作战试验鉴定,但美军继续推进相关建设工作,以解决当前试验鉴定的局限性。JSE代表了未来装备作战试验训练的发展方向,值得借鉴。     

格构式塔架三维动力风荷载的风洞试验研究

通过底座天平测力风洞试验,测量了三种典型的格构式塔架(输电塔、通讯塔和电视塔)的顺风向、横风向和扭转向动力风荷载。由于模型本身的质量不够轻、刚度不够大,一阶共振力的影响不可忽视,本文作者推导了消除模型一阶共振影响的实用公式,进而得到格构式塔架顺、横、扭三维广义荷载谱和均方根广义力系数。最后,本文分析了这三种格构式塔架的动力风荷载特征,得到了几点重要的结论。     

圆片刀超声切削Nomex蜂窝芯的切削力和表面质量研究

为了研究圆片刀加工参数对切削力和表面质量的影响,首先对圆片刀超声切削和普通切削的切削力进行了理论分析,在此基础上开展了圆片刀超声切削Nomex蜂窝芯试验,获得了进给速度、刀具转速和超声振幅对切削力的影响规律.进一步以蜂窝芯孔壁撕裂数量和长度作为加工表面质量的表征参数,定量研究了加工参数对于蜂窝芯表面质量的影响.试验结果...     

立铣加工颤振稳定性时域求解与分析研究(英文)

In this paper, the instantaneous undeformed chip thickness is modeled to include the dynamic modulation caused by the tool vibration while the dynamic regenerative effects are taken into account. The numerical method is used to solve the differential equations goveming the dynamics of the milling system. Several chatter detection criteria are applied synthetically to the simulated signals and the stability diagram is obtained in time-domain. The simulation results in time-domain show a good agreement with the analytical prediction, which is validated by the cutting experiments. By simulating the chatter stability lobes in the time-domain and analyzing the influences of different spindle speeds on the vibration amplitudes of the tool under a Fixed chip-load condition, conclusions could be drawn as follows： In rough milling, higher machining efficiency can be achieved by selecting a spindle speed corresponding to the axial depth of cut in accordance with the simulated chatter stability lobes, and in Fmish milling, lower surface roughness can be achieved by selecting a spindle speed well beyond the resonant frequency of machining system.     

基于力位协同控制的大飞机机身壁板装配调姿方法

为校正中机身壁板由于重力和调姿内力产生的变形，提高中机身壁板装配调姿精度，提出了一种基于力位协同控制的装配调姿方法。通过将调姿机构等效为并联机构，推导了调姿机构的解析正反解模型；根据螺旋理论，建立了力传感器测量值与重力、调姿内力之间的映射关系，实现重力补偿值的动态计算，基于局部刚体-弹性连接假设，通过多元线性回归方法构建了调姿内力转化为位置补偿量的模型；根据Clamped-Free变形协调原理，简化了定位器调姿内力之间的协调关系，在此基础上提出了重力前馈补偿和调姿内力转化为位置补偿的力位协同控制策略，并对其进行了理论分析与设计。最后，对所提出的控制策略进行了仿真分析，结果表明采用力位协同控制方法，调姿定位精度提高35.3%，调姿内力降低77.8%，通过应用实验，说明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Turbulent Wagner problem with transition

Wagner problem is originally concerned with inviscid flow and unsteady force due to a small step motion, or attaining of a small angle of attack, of an airfoil in an initially uniform flow and has been studied recently for inviscid flow with large amplitude step motion. Here we propose to consider turbulent Wagner problem for a plate that is initially covered with a mixed laminar-boundary layer on both sides and is set into step motion of small or large amplitude and in direction normal to the plate. The evolution of skin friction and transition region in time are examined numerically. It is found that transition region unexpectedly changes direction of movement for small amplitude of step motion while global transition or laminarization exists for large amplitude step motion. The significance of this study is twofold. First, the present study treated a new and interesting problem since it combines two problems of fundamental interests, one is Wagner problem and the other is boundary layer transition. Second, the present study appears to show that the pressure gradient normal to the airfoil and caused by discontinuous step motion may have subtle influence on transition and the mechanism of this influence deserves further studies.     

外形参数对涡扇发动机冠状喷口气动性能影响

为准确评估涡扇发动机冠状喷口的气动性能，首先提出了一种基于流量守恒的出口定义方式，并验证该出口定义方式与物理出口的一致性，然后对冠状喷口在设计点和非设计点工况下的气动性能进行了系统性评估与考察。结果表明：在设计点工况下，冠状喷口外形参数中，内切角对推力性能影响最大、齿数影响次之、齿长影响最小；冠状喷口下游流向涡对是导致剪切层增厚、湍动能衰减、核心区长度减小的主要原因；在非设计点工况下，冠状喷口可有效降低出口附近的激波强度，使其堵塞状态压比远高于基础构型喷管。