突加高能载荷作用下航空发动机结构动态响应及安全性综述

航空发动机在服役期间可能遭受鸟撞、叶片丢失等突加高能载荷的作用,造成发动机整机/部件动力学特性恶化和关键构件的损伤,危及发动机的结构安全性。本文从突加高能载荷复现方法与传递规律、突加高能载荷作用下转子/整机结构响应研究、突加高能载荷作用下关键构件损伤机理三个方面综述了现有研究工作,并针对近年来发展的抗突加高能载荷的安全性设计方法进行了探讨,最后分析了突加高能载荷问题的科学本质及发展趋势,为突加高能载荷作用下航空发动机安全性设计提供了重要参考。     

An efficient aerodynamic shape optimization of blended wing body UAV using multi-fidelity models

This paper presents a novel optimization technique for an efficient multi-fidelity model building approach to reduce computational costs for handling aerodynamic shape optimization based on high-fidelity simulation models. The wing aerodynamic shape optimization problem is solved by dividing optimization into three steps—modeling 3D(high-fidelity) and 2D(lowfidelity) models, building global meta-models from prominent instead of all variables, and determining robust optimizing shape associated with tuning local meta-models. The adaptive robust design optimization aims to modify the shape optimization process. The sufficient infilling strategy—known as adaptive uniform infilling strategy—determines search space dimensions based on the last optimization results or initial point. Following this, 3D model simulations are used to tune local meta-models. Finally, the global optimization gradient-based method—Adaptive Filter Sequential Quadratic Programing(AFSQP) is utilized to search the neighborhood for a probable optimum point. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated by applying it, along with conventional optimization approach-based meta-models, to a Blended Wing Body(BWB) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV). The drag coefficient is defined as the objective function, which is subjected to minimum lift coefficient bounds and stability constraints. The simulation results indicate improvement in meta-model accuracy and reduction in computational time of the method introduced in this paper.     

基于模型的大气数据计算机实现

针对无人机用大气数据计算机,为使其满足适航审定要求,提出基于模型的实现方法。首先介绍了大气数据计算机获取适航的方式,并以获取技术标准规定项目批准书(CTSOA)为驱动,按照大气数据计算机CTSO标准提出满足最低性能标准的系统需求,将系统需求进行分解选择合适的传感器及硬件平台。随后对系统功能进行详细设计,并按照DO-178B规范完成大气数据计算机的模型搭建和仿真验证。验证结果表明,基于模型的大气数据计算机满足系统所提各项指标,开发流程符合DO-178B标准。     

基于双树复小波和形态学的卫星异常数据滤波方法

受系统结构复杂、工作环境恶劣等因素影响,卫星的工作状态会存在介于正常和故障之间的异常状态,导致其遥测数据中不仅含有噪声,还存在异常数据。采用传统滤波算法进行去噪处理时,会存在对异常数据保留不充分的问题,从而导致突变信息丢失。针对上述问题,提出一种基于双树复小波与形态学滤波的卫星遥测数据组合滤波方法,设计一种半软阈值滤波函数来提高双树复小波的滤波性能,并提出一种组合滤波算法。通过仿真实验进行验证,结果表明:本文方法可以对遥测数据中的噪声进行有效滤除并对异常数据进行保留。     

VHF空地数据译码系统框架设计与实现

提出了基于COM 组件的VHF空地数据译码系统框架,着重介绍了报文识别组件、网络通信组件与译码组件及其基于.NET平台和C#语言的设计与实现。经ACARS数据测试,系统各组件工作正常,所译参数正确。     

The Full Flowpath Analysis of a Hypersonic Vehicle

对一种类X43-A吸气式高超飞行器全流道开展了M7一级的三维数值仿真研究,深入探索了进气道处于起动状态和不起动状态时全流道的冷流流场结构和和气动力特性,且部分结果与实验数据进行了对比。研究结果表明:(1)前体横截面上存在显著的展向压强梯度,使得经过预压缩的气流偏离了进气道进口,但同时也减少了进入内通道的边界层气流,提高了进口流场的品质;(2)后体喷流股的膨胀过程受到了周围外流的显著干扰,因而沿流动方向其截面形状不断发生变化,如在喷口附近为近似矩形,而在后体末端附近则演化为近似三角形;(3)当进气道处于不起动状态时,其全流道流动结构发生了显著变化,进气道的外部压缩波系往复振荡,尾喷管出口的喷流股也在不停的膨胀和收缩,具有极强的非定常特征;(4)当进气道处于不起动状态时,全机的气动力特性呈周期性变化,升阻比的变化幅度较大,在最大、最小值分别可达起动状态的2倍和1/4倍。另外,升力、阻力系数的变化曲线之间存在一定的相位差;(5)与实验结果的对照表明,所采用的数值仿真方法具有较高的精度。     

International scientific optical network for space debris research

A joint team of researchers under the auspices of the Center for Space Debris Information Collection, Processing and Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences collaborates with 15 observatories around the world to perform observations of space debris. For this purpose, 14 telescopes were equipped with charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, CCD frame processing and ephemeris computation software, with the support of the European and Russian grants. Many of the observation campaigns were carried out in collaboration with the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) team operating at the Zimmerwald observatory and conducting research for the European Space Agency (ESA), using the Tenerife/Teide telescope for searching and tracking of unknown objects in the geostationary region (GEO). More than 130,000 measurements of space objects along a GEO arc of 340.9°, collected and processed at Space Debris Data Base in the Ballistic Center of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics (KIAM) in 2005–2006, allowed us to find 288 GEO objects that are absent in the public orbital databases and to determine their orbital elements. Methods of discovering and tracking small space debris fragments at high orbits were developed and tested. About 40 of 150 detected unknown objects of magnitudes 15–20.5 were tracked during many months. A series of dedicated 22-cm telescopes with large field of view for GEO survey tasks is in process of construction. 7 60-cm telescopes will be modernized in 2007.     

亚,超音速弹丸底排冷空气减阻性能研究

本文介绍了用底排冷空气方法减少弹丸底部阻力的风洞实验研究情况,描述了马赫数、排气孔几何参数对底压、底阻的影响以及底压、底阻和剪切角随排气率的变化规律。给出了它们的实验结果,并进行了初步分析。     

大风洞,大模型通气实验技术研究

本文概括介绍了国内首次在气动中心1.2米×1.2米风洞中进行的大模型通气实验技术,重点解决了天平杆与通气管道的矛盾、测压与测力同时进行、变流量和变底压等四大难题。最后将实验结果与0.6米×0.6米风洞的实验结果进行了比较,说明该通气模型实验技术在现有大、小风洞及大、小模型上的应用都是比较成功的。     

Impact of the time span selected to calibrate the ballistic parameter on spacecraft re-entry predictions

The trajectory modeling of satellites that are re-entering the Earth’s atmosphere, as a result of natural orbital decay, has always been a challenging task. Residual lifetime estimations and re-entry predictions are affected by substantial uncertainties, associated with atmospheric density models, with the forecasts of the relevant solar and geomagnetic activity indices and with tracking data, which for uncontrolled re-entries are usually sparse and not particularly accurate. Furthermore, modeling the aerodynamic forces that act on low altitude satellites is a formidable task, especially for objects of a complex shape and unknown attitude evolution.