Influence of leading edge with real manufacturing error on aerodynamic performance of high subsonic compressor cascades

To investigate the influence of real leading-edge manufacturing error on aerodynamic performance of high subsonic compressor blades, a family of leading-edge manufacturing error data were obtained from measured compressor cascades. Considering the limited samples, the leading-edge angle and leading-edge radius distribution forms were evaluated by Shapiro-Wilk test and quantile–quantile plot. Their statistical characteristics provided can be introduced to later related researches. The parameterization design method B-spline and Bezier are adopted to create geometry models with manufacturing error based on leading-edge angle and leading-edge radius. The influence of real manufacturing error is quantified and analyzed by self-developed non-intrusive polynomial chaos and Sobol’ indices. The mechanism of leading-edge manufacturing error on aerodynamic performance is discussed. The results show that the total pressure loss coefficient is sensitive to the leading-edge manufacturing error compared with the static pressure ratio, especially at high incidence. Specifically, manufacturing error of the leading edge will influence the local flow acceleration and subsequently cause fluctuation of the downstream flow. The aerodynamic performance is sensitive to the manufacturing error of leading-edge radius at the design and negative incidences, while it is sensitive to the manufacturing error of leading-edge angle under the operation conditions with high incidences.     

Effects of wing flexibility on aerodynamic performance of an aircraft model

The low-speed wind tunnel experiment is carried out on a simplified aircraft model to explore the influence of wing flexibility on the aircraft aerodynamic performance. The investigation involves the measurements of force, membrane deformation and velocity field at Reynolds number of 5.4 × 10⁴–1.1 × 10⁵. In the lift curves, two peaks are observed. The first peak, corresponding to the stall, is sensitive to the wing flexibility much more than the second peak, which nearly keeps constant. For the optimal case, in comparison with the rigid wing model, the delayed stall of nearly 5° is achieved, and the relative lift increment is about 90%. It is revealed that the lift enhanced region corresponds to the larger deformation and stronger vibration, which leads to stronger flow mixing near the flexible wing surface. Thereby, the leading-edge separation is suppressed, and the aerodynamic performance is improved significantly. Furthermore, the effects of sweep angle and Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics of flexible wing are also presented.     

Aerodynamic design of tractor propeller for high-performance distributed electric propulsion aircraft

Aiming to maximize the aerodynamic performance of the Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft, a hybrid design framework which focuses on the aerodynamic performance of the propeller/wing integration has been developed and validated numerically. Variable-fidelity modelling for propeller aerodynamics has been used to achieve computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy. By optimizing the aerodynamic loading distributions on the tractor propeller disk, the induced slipstream is redistributed into a form that is beneficial for the wing downstream, based on which the propeller blade geometry is generated through a rapid inversed design procedure. As compared with the Minimum Induced Loss (MIL) propeller at a specified thrust level, significant improvements of both the lift-to-drag ratio of the wing and the propeller/wing integrated aerodynamic efficiency is achieved, which shows great promise to deliver aerodynamic benefits for the wing within the propeller slipstream without any additional devices.     

高超声速栅格翼气动特性研究

阐述了用于马赫数大于5.0的高超声速飞行控制的栅格翼气动特性问题。采用工程 计算方法预示了栅格翼气动力、热特性,验证了栅格翼几何参数特性合理选取的初步要求, 这为后续深入研究进行了有益的探索。
     

考虑气膜冷却的涡轮静叶三维优化

为研究气冷涡轮叶片设计的特点,搭建了一个可以对采用气膜冷却的气冷涡轮叶片进行全三维优化的平台,该平台可在有冷气喷射的条件下对叶片进行多目标优化.优化平台中采用11参数法对叶片进行造型.针对该造型方法和优化设计的要求对优化变量的选取和优化策略以及优化目标的设定进行了一定的探讨,采用多岛遗传算法对优化问题进行寻优.采用该平台对某航空涡轮第一级静叶进行了优化.由于对不同目标进行了加权处理,所以随着优化目标侧重点的不同,优化方案的叶型呈现出不同特点,其气动效率和冷却效果均有所改善.     

大型客机后缘襟翼滑轨整流罩气动外形设计方法

大型客机后缘襟翼机构伸出机翼下表面会带来气动损失,必须设计相应整流罩。整流罩的外形尺寸对气动力影响较大,会直接影响飞机的气动特性。设计整流罩时应该遵循整流罩外形设计要求,使其引起的高速巡航阻力尽可能小。在查阅相关文献、对比研究大量整流罩图片、分析研究计算机辅助设计(CAD)中NURBS曲面曲线描述方法的基础上,建立了一套详细的大型客机后缘襟翼滑轨整流罩外形设计方法,该方法在满足整流罩包裹住机构、减小气动损失等基本要求的同时,缩短了整流罩设计周期。     

带分流叶片离心压气机优化设计

为探索带分流叶片离心压气机的优化方法,进一步提高气动性能,建立带分流叶片离心压气机优化系统:运用Bézier函数建立叶型的参数化表征方法,并采用人工神经网络建立目标函数和几何优化变量间的对应关系,结合遗传算法求解优化命题。为验证系统可行性,以极大化等熵效率为优化目标,针对带分流叶片的离心压气机进行优化设计。结果表明:该优化系统明显提高带分流叶片离心压气机的气动性能,优化后设计点等熵效率提高3.68%,压比提高0.506,设计转速下全工况范围内效率明显提升,综合稳定裕度增大;优化后90%,50%叶高波前马赫数有明显降低,前缘激波有所减弱,激波与附面层相互作用引起的损失减小,二次流得到抑制,叶尖通道内大范围低速区明显消退;叶片载荷重新分配,分流叶片载荷一部分转移至主叶片。     

超临界机组末级叶片典型截面的叶型设计

针对超临界机组末级长叶片的设计特点,采用遗传算法和人工神经网络,提出对长叶片典型截面叶型进行分区优化设计思想,并对原型与改型进行了多工况点的数值计算,结果表明,将叶型吸力侧后半段由直线型改为内凹型,能够显著降低超声速叶型在超声速工况范围内的叶型损失。对叶型前缘以及压力侧的局部优化设计能够改善超声速叶型在临界马赫数工况下的气动性能。优化设计最大程度地减小了样本空间,提高了优化效率。     

Effects of stability margin and thrust specific fuel consumption constrains on multi-disciplinary optimization for blended-wing-body design

Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) configuration, as an innovative transport concept, has become a worldwide research focus in the field of civil transports development. Relative to the conventional Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration, the BWB shows integrated benefits and serves as a most promising candidate for future ‘‘green aviation". The objective of the present work is to figure out the effects of the stability margin and Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption(TSFC) on the BWB design in the framework of Multi-Disciplinary Optimization(MDO). A physically-based platform was promoted to study the effect static stability margin and engine technology level. Low-order physically based models are applied to the evaluation of the weight and the aerodynamic performance. The modules and methods are illustrated in detail, and the validation of the methods shows feasibility and confidence for the conceptual design of BWB aircrafts. In order to find out the relation between planform changes and the selection of stability and engine technology level, two sets of optimizations are conducted separately. The study proves that these two factors have dominant effects towards the optimized BWB designs in both aerodynamic shapes, weight distribution, which needs to be considered during the MDO design process. A balance diagram analysis is applied to find out a reasonable static stability margin range. It can be concluded that a recommended stability margin of a practical BWB commercial aircraft can be half of that of a conventional TAW design.     

Hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic design using modified sequential approximate optimization

Hypersonic vehicles are receiving increased attention within the aerospace community due to their high cruise speed and long-range capabilities. In this paper, a modified Sequential Approximate Optimization method is proposed for an optimized aerodynamic design of a hypersonic vehicle. As part of this approach, a constrained experimental design method is developed to handle the constraints more efficiently. A radial basis function is used to surrogate time-consuming CFD analysis. An efficient and more robust numerical mesh morphing scheme for the hypersonic vehicle is developed for the generation of high-quality meshes. Within this paper, a novel adaptive infilling strategy is proposed which uses an inaccurate search technique coupled with an elite archive. This allows the location of a more promising sample region and hence improves the surrogate accuracy, thereby further enhancing the optimization efficiency. A hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic design problem is solved using the proposed approach and satisfactory results are obtained at much lower computational costs. The lift-to-drag ratio is increased by 23.8% when compared with the base configuration while also satisfying the volume and lift constraints. The pressure and Mach contours have been compared with those of the base configuration and the results demonstrate the strength of the optimized configuration. The modified sequential approximate optimization for designing an improved hypersonic vehicle is worth referencing in future work.