基于阻力跟踪的火星大气进入段非线性预测制导律设计

针对火星探测任务大气进入段的高精度着陆问题,提出一种基于阻力跟踪的非线性预测制导策略。基于火星探测器大气进入段的三维运动模型,综合考虑探测器气动参数摄动、火星大气密度摄动、外部扰动以及进入时刻状态初值不确定性,设计了基于优化思想的非线性预测制导律,并对所提出的制导方法进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明:非线性预测制导律在满足控制约束的条件下可以获得较高的着陆精度。     

龙脊风帆模型气动特性风洞实验

通过风洞模型实验 ,利用六分量高频底座天平技术 ,测量了称为龙脊风帆的一种单帆模型在均匀来流中各个风向角和俯仰角下的时均升力系数和时均阻力系数以及脉动升力系数和脉动阻力系数 ,可为工程中类似帆形结构的设计和受力计算提供参考     

底部排气法的减阻特性及在超声速导弹上的应用

采用数值模拟试验的方法较为系统地研究了底部排气减阻中气流的排出方式、流量消耗率、排气孔孔径和排气孔的收敛或扩张角等因素对底部阻力的影响，并将排气减阻的贡献分解为排气冲量和底部压强两部分进行了分析。本文首次将底部排气法应用于导弹上，结合一种具有常规气动布局的超声速导弹进行了底部排气方案设计，采用一种“底窝器”来提高进气道整流罩的底部压强，并进行了风洞实验验证。数值模拟发现，研究范围内流量消耗率的增加、排气孔位置的外移、开孔数目的增加以及开孔率的增加均能明显改善其减阻效果，但其各自的机理不同。前者主要依靠排气冲量的增加，而后三者则主要提高底部压强。风洞实验结果表明，“底窝器”能够明显降低全弹阻力系数，使全弹阻力系数下降2％～3％。     

评齿间摩擦力对航天齿轮齿根弯曲应力的影响程度

经过分析及计算，推导及归纳出考虑轮齿间摩擦力影响的齿根弯曲应力计算公式，计算结果表明，一般情况下，轮齿间摩擦力产生的影响甚小。对于航天软齿面齿轮传动或不十分重要的航天硬齿面齿轮传动，设计计算时可不计轮齿间摩擦力对齿根弯曲应力的影响。     

共轴刚性旋翼桨毂中间轴涡流发生器设计与减阻研究

为最大程度地降低共轴刚性旋翼桨毂的气动阻力,在其减阻设计方案中间轴处加装翼型截面的涡流分割器。首先设计了不同展长、弦长、安装位置和数量的涡流发生器加装方案,之后采用求解N-S方程的方法计算和分析了加装涡流发生器之后的桨毂阻力特性、表面压力和空间流动情况等。结果表明加装涡流发生器能使桨毂减阻方案的阻力降低约5%,弦长增大、涡流发生器位置向下桨毂方向移动有利于进一步降低阻力。研究结果可为涡流发生器的应用和桨毂减阻设计提供一定的参考。     

三体随动跟踪式重力卫星姿态与无拖曳控制方法

采用非接触洛伦兹力执行器代替微推进系统,提出一种“质量块—载荷舱—平台舱”三体随动跟踪式重力卫星总体架构,避免传统低低跟踪重力场测量卫星设计中的质心波动与执行机构带来的动力学不确定性影响。其次,建立了该架构下的卫星姿轨耦合动力学模型,并在此基础上针对动力学非线性耦合项的影响,构建了一种基于带宽参数化自适应补偿的复合自抗扰控制方法,提升姿态与无拖曳控制性能。最后,采用数学仿真验证了所提出的重力卫星总体架构及其控制方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,该方法有效提升了系统的频域性能。     

凹腔结构对圆形超燃冲压发动机燃烧室阻力特性影响

凹腔作为促进燃烧室中燃料与来流混合和稳定燃烧的有效手段之一,其研究已引起人们的广泛关注.采用数值模拟方法,探索了圆形超燃冲压发动机燃烧室阻力特性随凹腔结构参数的变化趋势,同时初步考察了飞行攻角对凹腔阻力特性的影响.研究发现,凹腔摩阻相比压阻很小,凹腔时燃烧室的阻力特性主要体现在其压阻上;随着后掠角的增大,热试和冷流状态...     

点阵结构工艺参数对透波平板电磁波谱的影响

文摘为研究点阵结构工艺参数对透波平板电磁波谱的影响,基于体心立方结构(BCC)点阵基本构型,建立透波平板仿真模型,运用CST仿真软件分别从孔隙率、蒙皮厚度、胞元尺寸、入射角度4方面探究不同结构工艺参数对透波平板共振频率及透射率的影响。并运用选区激光烧结(SLS)制备点阵透波平板结构,用于2～18 GHz透射率对比测试。结果表明,仿真数据与实验结果高度一致;透波平板共振频率随孔隙率增大,第一频率点向低频偏移,第二频率点向高频偏移;随着蒙皮厚度的增加,透射率降低;胞元尺寸与蒙皮厚度决定透射谱的通带共振频率,孔隙率影响较小;入射角增大时,水平极化入射波透射率均大于75%,影响较小;竖直极化入射波透射率在高频处逐渐降低。     

Minimizing airfoil drag at low angles of attack with DBD-based turbulent drag reduction methods

Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) based turbulent drag reduction methods are used to reduce the total drag on a NACA 0012 airfoil at low angels of attack. The interaction of DBD with turbulent boundary layer was investigated, based on which the drag reduction experiments were conducted. The results show that unidirectional steady discharge is more effective than oscillating discharge in terms of drag reduction, while steady impinging discharge fails to finish the mission (i.e. drag increase). In the best scenario, a maximum relative drag reduction as high as 64 % is achieved at the freestream velocity of 5 m/s, and a drag reduction of 13.7 % keeps existing at the freestream velocity of 20 m/s. For unidirectional discharge, the jet velocity ratio and the dimensionless actuator spacing are the two key parameters affecting the effectiveness. The drag reduction magnitude varies inversely with the dimensionless spacing, and a threshold value of the dimensionless actuator spacing of 540 (approximately five times of the low-speed streak spacing) exists, above which the drag increases. When the jet velocity ratio smaller than 0.05, marginal drag variation is observed. In contrast, when the jet velocity ratio larger than 0.05, the experimental data bifurcates, one into the drag increase zone and the other into the drag reduction zone, depending on the value of dimensionless actuator spacing. In both zones, the drag variation magnitude increases with the jet velocity ratio. The total drag reduction can be divided into the reduction in pressure drag and turbulent friction drag, as well as the increase in friction drag brought by transition promotion. The reduction in turbulent friction drag plays an important role in the total drag reduction.     

Technical evaluation of additive manufacturing technologies for in-situ fabrication with lunar regolith

In-Situ Fabrication and Repair can significantly reduce the construction cost of a permanent Moon base by using additive manufacturing (AM) and exploiting local resources instead of bringing all the required materials from Earth. In this article, we evaluate alternative additive manufacturing technologies for building a lunar base and maintaining it across its lifecycle. We compare alternative 3D-printing techniques, already tested for manufacturing with simulants of lunar regolith, using energy, Earth-deliverables consumption, and compressive strength of the produced samples as figures of merit. Based on our analysis, we conclude that Cement Contour Crafting and Stereo-lithography AM techniques are the most promising solutions for the construction of outdoor lunar infrastructure and small precise parts and instruments, respectively.