超燃冲压发动机凹腔火焰稳定器阻力分析

为了研究凹腔火焰稳定器在超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内的阻力情况,采用了试验和数值仿真的方法,结合已有的研究结果、纹影图像和阻力测量等进行了分析。结果表明:在冷流中凹腔阻力受自由剪切层与后壁作用情况决定,来流总压高,作用面积大,凹腔阻力大;在反应流中,凹腔阻力小于冷流阻力,在高当量比条件下凹腔可能产生正推力;凹腔附近最强燃烧放热区对凹腔阻力影响较大,当最强放热区分布在凹腔前壁附近时凹腔可能产生推力;当最强燃烧放热区分布在凹腔后壁时,凹腔可能产生阻力。     

聚合物槽道湍流的直接数值模拟

应用直接数值模拟方法研究了聚合物对槽道湍流的减阻特性.数值计算方法采用谱方法,时间积分采用二阶精度的时间分裂格式.应用FENE-P模型对聚合物槽道湍流进行定压降的直接数值模拟计算,揭示了聚合物湍流减阻的启动(onset)现象;应用O-B模型进行定流量的直接数值模拟计算,分析了其流动特征.计算结果表明:在低减阻形式中聚合物对湍流的影响主要发生在壁面区,而高减阻形式中聚合物对湍流的影响则遍及全流场.     

双曲线圆截面建筑结构雷诺数效应模拟实践

在流线型结构气动性能风洞试验研究中,结构表面绕流特征雷诺数效应的准确模拟对于确定风荷载、评价其气动性能的影响是决定性的.通过改变模型表面粗糙度可以实现原型结构超高雷诺数条件(Re≥10~7)绕流效应模拟,但模拟手段及效果受人为经验因素影响较大,难于总结表面粗糙度与绕流形态变化关系,给实际模拟操作造成不便.设计两组双曲线圆截面结构模型风洞试验,通过在模型表面粘贴不同厚度粗糙纸带的办法,尝试并实现了模型超高雷诺数条件绕流特征模拟,分析了粗糙度及试验风速对模型表面绕流压力分布、截面阻力系数等参数的影响,初步总结了相对粗糙度随模型尺度的变化规律,为更好展开圆截面建筑结构气动性能研究提供了借鉴.     

地效飞行器地面巡航气动性能数值模拟及分析

采用有限体积方法求解定常可压缩流动的质量加权平均N-S方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,模拟地效飞行器地面巡航全机流场。计算结果给出了地效飞行器气动性能随飞行高度和迎角的变化规律;采用镜像法理想涡模型分析了地面效应对翼尖涡位置和气流下洗角的影响;详细阐明了地面效应对诱导阻力的影响规律。     

Electric sail,photonic sail and deorbiting applications of the freely guided photonic blade

We consider a freely guided photonic blade (FGPB) which is a centrifugally stretched sheet of photonic sail membrane that can be tilted by changing the centre of mass or by other means. The FGPB can be installed at the tip of each main tether of an electric solar wind sail (E-sail) so that one can actively manage the tethers to avoid their mutual collisions and to modify the spin rate of the sail if needed. This enables a more scalable and modular E-sail than the baseline approach where auxiliary tethers are used for collision avoidance. For purely photonic sail applications one can remove the tethers and increase the size of the blades to obtain a novel variant of the heliogyro that can have a significantly higher packing density than the traditional heliogyro. For satellite deorbiting in low Earth orbit (LEO) conditions, analogous designs exist where the E-sail effect is replaced by the negative polarity plasma brake effect and the photonic pressure by atmospheric drag. We conclude that the FGPB appears to be an enabling technique for diverse applications. We also outline a way of demonstrating it on ground and in LEO at low cost.     

高速自然超空泡射弹阻力特性试验研究

为了研究水下高速自然超空泡射弹的阻力特性,针对带有圆盘空化器的多锥体射弹模型,设计了多种结构参数的射弹模型,进行了高速射弹从空气射入水中形成超空泡的试验。通过对试验数据的分析和处理,得到了不同空化数、不同空化器直径以及不同射弹长细比对射弹阻力系数的影响。试验结果表明：在空化器直径和射弹长细比不变的情况下,随着空化数的增加,射弹阻力系数变化很小;在空化数和射弹长细比不变的情况下,随着空化器直径的增加,射弹阻力系数增大;在空化数和空化器直径不变的情况下,随着射弹长细比的增加,射弹阻力系数减小。试验结果为进一步研究高速超空泡射弹的水动力特性和水下弹道特性提供了参考。     

F1方程式赛车后升力翼的气动特性

以比例为1∶3的F1方程式赛车后升力翼为研究对象,研究了后升力翼攻角变化对F1方程式赛车气动阻力和气动升力的影响规律.在攻角为12°时,气动升力与气动阻力的比值的绝对值达到最大,此攻角就是F1方程式赛车后升力翼的最佳攻角,模型风洞试验验证了这一结论.      

火箭深弹水下减阻技术研究

基于Fluent软件,对火箭深弹的水下减阻技术进行了研究。提出了火箭深弹中部补气的减阻方式。通过对下潜速度和通气量2个影响因素的分析,得到了火箭深弹在8～100 m/s速度范围的流场计算结果。计算结果表明,中部补气能有效地减小阻力,最大减阻效率达到25%;火箭深弹在水中所受阻力随通气量的增大而减小,在通气量相同的条件下,减阻效率随下潜速度的减小而增大。计算结果与实验结果基本一致。     

隐身舰载战斗机气动力设计关键技术

围绕隐身舰载战斗机气动力设计中的关键技术问题,深入梳理了有益的工程设计经验,从多目标约束下的起降增升设计、跨超声速精细化减阻设计、全机均衡减载设计等3个方面,阐述了气动力设计在性能、操稳、重量、隐身等多专业强约束下的窄域设计方法。相关分析表明：采用机翼后缘简单襟翼的设计方式、结合机翼三维型面弯扭设计与舵面使用策略优化,能够满足强隐身约束下舰载战斗机的起降升力需求;合理配置座舱位置以及后机身上表面的激波压缩/膨胀波系、优化进气道溢流吸力矢量方向等,能够在不降低机身容积的前提下,有效降低机身阻力;利用机身下表面与拦阻钩舱门区的修型进行机身反弯设计,能够实现严重载荷状态下的平尾减载。     

Whole-process design and experimental validation of landing gear lower drag stay with global/local linked driven optimization strategy

Landing gear lower drag stay is a key component which connects fuselage and landing gear and directly effects the safety and performance of aircraft takeoff and landing. To effectively design the lower drag stay and reduce the weight of landing gear, Global/local Linked Driven Optimization Strategy (GLDOS) was developed to conduct the overall process design of lower drag stay in respect of optimization thought. The whole-process optimization involves two stages of structural conceptual design and detailed design. In the structural conceptual design, the landing gear lower drag stay was globally topologically optimized by adopting multiple starting points algorithm. In the detailed design, the local size and shape of landing gear lower drag stay were globally optimized by the gradient optimization strategy. The GLDOS method adopts different optimization strategies for different optimization stages to acquire the optimum design effect. Through the experimental validation, the weight of the optimized lower dray stay with the developed GLDOS is reduced by 16.79% while keeping enough strength and stiffness, which satisfies the requirements of engineering design under the typical loading conditions. The proposed GLDOS is validated to be accurate and efficient in optimization scheme and design cycles. The efforts of this paper provide a whole-process optimization approach regarding different optimization technologies in different design phases, which is significant in reducing structural weight and enhance design precision for complex structures in aircrafts.