非平面机翼最小诱阻的法洗分布

关于机翼最小诱阻的下洗分布问题,很早就有人进行过研究。在升力约束条件下,Munk证明具有最小诱阻的机翼展向下洗分布为一常数。对于平面机翼在升力和翼根弯矩约束条件下,Jones证明具有最小诱阻的展向下洗为线性分布。目前使用的飞机机翼,通常都有上反角,且有的机翼上反角沿展向还有变化(例如带翼梢小翼的机翼)。对于这样的非平面机翼,在升力和翼根弯矩约束条件下,其最小诱阻的展向法洗分布规律尚不清楚,这就是本文所要研究的内容。     

Impact of the time span selected to calibrate the ballistic parameter on spacecraft re-entry predictions

The trajectory modeling of satellites that are re-entering the Earth’s atmosphere, as a result of natural orbital decay, has always been a challenging task. Residual lifetime estimations and re-entry predictions are affected by substantial uncertainties, associated with atmospheric density models, with the forecasts of the relevant solar and geomagnetic activity indices and with tracking data, which for uncontrolled re-entries are usually sparse and not particularly accurate. Furthermore, modeling the aerodynamic forces that act on low altitude satellites is a formidable task, especially for objects of a complex shape and unknown attitude evolution.     

镉镍蓄电池中氢氧化镍电极的研究进展

从镍电极的反应机理、应用、制备方法及其活性物质、添加剂等方面，对镉镍蓄电池中的氢氧化镍电极进行了较详细的介绍。指出：通过改变镍电极的制备方法，控制氢氧化镍的晶形结构，以及添加钴、锂等元素，可以有效改善镍电极的电化学性能，从而进一步拓展镍电极在航天领域的应用。     

DF-9型及其改型高速机车和双层客车气动性能试验

DF-9型机车及其改型的气动性能试验研究结果表明，机车前部形状是直接影响机车气动阻力大小的重要因素，同时，也影响双层客车的阻力系数。采用裙板等减阻措施，能够取得较好的减阻效果。     

一种非线性部分极曲线的试飞方法

介绍了一种不测推力获取非线性部分极曲线的试飞方法。从飞机纵向动力学方程出发,推导出了利用试飞数据计算非线性部分诱导阻力系数Ａ值的公式,在铅垂对称平面内进行了飞行试验。试验结果表明：不测推力法试飞结果同测推力法试飞结果、风洞预测值以及Ｊ７原型机资料值具有良好的一致性,不测推力法是一种经济、可靠、简便而有效的试飞方法,可用于同类型飞机的非线性曲线试飞研究。     

复杂外形气动力计算的阻力修正方法

基于气动力计算的位流线化理论,发展了一种亚音速附面层阻力修正方法。采用联合流场求解方法获得复杂外形的表面压力分布,在此基础上,将绕复杂外形物体沿流向面元划分为片条,在片条上,把三维附面层转换为二维附面层,对二维附面层进行数值求解,得到附面层粘性阻力修正。算例表明,该方法计算量小,与实验和N-S数值解结果吻合较好。为复杂气动外形飞行器初期设计、方案选型及评估提供了较为理想的工程设计手段。     

空客A320鲨鳍小翼燃油节油性能分析

通过对比已选装和未选装鲨鳍小翼飞机的燃油消耗率,找出了节油效率和鲨鳍小翼改装成本之间的平衡点,为选装鲨鳍小翼的决策提供技术支持和数据参考。     

逆向喷流对双锥导弹外形减阻特性的影响

逆向喷流是一种主动流动控制技术，具有减阻降热特性，可用于高超声速飞行器设计。以典型双锥导弹外形的球头、单锥、双锥（全弹）为研究对象，将喷流发生器和弹体固连，采用CFD方法对逆向喷流的减阻特性进行了数值研究，对比分析了喷流马赫数、喷流压比等参数对不同对象减阻效果的影响。结果表明：逆向喷流流场存在长、短射流穿透两种模态；球头在小压比长射流模态时的减阻效果最佳；单锥和双锥在大压比短射流模态时的减阻效果更好。存在一个最佳压比，使得逆向喷流的减阻效果最佳；喷流压力过大，减阻效果变差，甚至出现阻力系数不降反增情形。逆向喷流减阻效果对控制体选取敏感，若将逆向喷流对头部的减阻特性（超过40%）直接推广至飞行器整机（6%左右），评估结果过于乐观。综合最佳减阻效果、最佳喷流压比、流量与所需储气瓶体积等影响因素，工程应用时逆向喷流应优先选用声速喷流。     

Decentralized differential drag based control of nanosatellites swarm spatial distribution using magnetorquers

Nanosatellites in the swarm initially move along arbitrary unbounded relative trajectories according to the launch initial conditions. Control algorithms developed in the paper are aimed to achieve the required spatial distribution of satellites in the along-track direction. The paper considers a swarm of 3U CubeSats in LEO, their form-factor is suitable for the aerodynamic control since the ratio of the satellite maximum to minimum cross-section areas is 3. Each satellite is provided with the information about the relative motion of neighboring satellites inside a specified communication area. The paper develops the corresponding decentralized control algorithms using the differential drag force. The required attitude control for each satellite is implemented by the active magnetic attitude control system. A set of decentralized control strategies is proposed taking into account the communicational constraints. The performance of these strategies is studied numerically. The swarm separation effect is demonstrated and investigated.     

Analysis of the orbit lifetime of CubeSats in low Earth orbits including periodic variation in drag due to attitude motion

It is estimated that more than 22,300 human-made objects are in orbit around the Earth, with a total mass above 8,400,000 kg. Around 89% of these objects are non-operational and without control, which makes them to be considered orbital debris. These numbers consider only objects with dimensions larger than 10 cm. Besides those numbers, there are also about 2000 operational satellites in orbit nowadays. The space debris represents a hazard to operational satellites and to the space operations. A major concern is that this number is growing, due to new launches and particles generated by collisions. Another important point is that the development of CubeSats has increased exponentially in the last years, increasing the number of objects in space, mainly in the Low Earth Orbits (LEO). Due to the short operational time, CubeSats boost the debris population. One of the requirements for space debris mitigation in LEO is the limitation of the orbital lifetime of the satellites, which needs to be lower than 25 years. However, there are space debris with longer estimated decay time. In LEÓs, the influence of the atmospheric drag is the main orbital perturbation, and is used in maneuvers to increment the losses in the satellite orbital energy, to locate satellites in constellations and to accelerate the decay.The goal of the present research is to study the influence of aerodynamic rotational maneuver in the CubeSat?s orbital lifetime. The rotational axis is orthogonal to the orbital plane of the CubeSat, which generates variations in the ballistic coefficient along the trajectory. The maneuver is proposed to accelerate the decay and to mitigate orbital debris generated by non-operational CubeSats. The panel method is selected to determine the drag coefficient as a function of the flow incident angle and the spinning rate. The pressure distribution is integrated from the satellite faces at hypersonic rarefied flow to calculate the drag coefficient. The mathematical model considers the gravitational potential of the Earth and the deceleration due to drag. To analyze the effects of the rotation during the decay, multiple trajectories were propagated, comparing the results obtained assuming a constant drag coefficient with trajectories where the drag coefficient changes periodically. The initial perigees selected were lower than 400 km of altitude with eccentricities ranging from 0.00 to 0.02. Six values for the angular velocity were applied in the maneuver. The technique of rotating the spacecraft is an interesting solution to increase the orbit decay of a CubeSat without implementing additional de-orbit devices. Significant changes in the decay time are presented due to the increase of the mean drag coefficient calculated by the panel method, when the maneuver is applied, reducing the orbital lifetime, however the results are independent of the angular velocity of the satellite.