Thermal comfort assessment in civil aircraft cabins

Aircraft passengers are more and demanding in terms of thermal comfort. But it is not yet easy for aircraft crew to control the environment control system(ECS) that satisfies the thermal comfort for most passengers due to a number of causes. This paper adopts a corrected predicted mean vote(PMV) model and an adaptive model to assess the thermal comfort conditions for 31 investigated flights and draws the conclusion that there does exist an uncomfortable thermal phenomenon in civil aircraft cabins, especially in some short-haul continental flights. It is necessary to develop an easy way to predict the thermal sensation of passengers and to direct the crew to control ECS. Due to the assessment consistency of the corrected PMV model and the adaptive model, the adaptive model of thermal neutrality temperature can be used as a method to predict the cabin optimal operative temperature. Because only the mean outdoor effective temperature ET* of a departure city is an input variable for the adaptive model, this method can be easily understood and implemented by the crew and can satisfy 80–90% of the thermal acceptability levels of passengers.     

Adaptive finite-time backstepping control for attitude tracking of spacecraft based on rotation matrix

This paper investigates two finite-time controllers for attitude control of spacecraft based on rotation matrix by an adaptive backstepping method. Rotation matrix can overcome the draw- backs of unwinding which makes a spacecraft perform a large-angle maneuver when a small-angle maneuver in the opposite rotational direction is sufficient to achieve the objective, With the use of adaptive control, the first robust finite-time controller is continuous without a chattering phenom- enon. The second robust finite-time controller can compensate external disturbances with unknown bounds. Theoretical analysis shows that both controllers can make a spacecraft following a time-varying reference attitude signal in finite time and guarantee the stability of the overall closed-loop system. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.     

基于背景网格簇的动网格生成方法

提出了基于背景网格簇实现网格变形的新方法。背景网格簇由任一内边界节点和远场边界角点生成的背景网格构成,并随边界运动而变化。通过保持计算网格节点在每一个背景网格中所在单元的面积坐标不变(三维时保持体积坐标不变)而求出一组期望位置,加权平均该组期望位置,确定出该计算网格节点的新位置。其中权值与内边界节点和计算网格节点距离的倒数相关。新方法引入的背景网格簇可以有效地改进单个背景网格的不足之处。算例结果表明:基于背景网格簇的动网格生成方法实现简单,与弹簧近似法相比,新方法因不需要迭代求解方程组而非常高效,且拥有更强的网格变形能力;与Delaunay图映射法相比,该方法背景网格的单元个数极少,因此易于定位,且不会出现背景网格单元交叉的现象,网格变形能力更强,变形后的网格质量更好。     

自适应预测补偿的迭代制导方法及其应用研究

针对迭代制导完成后入轨参数或终端程序角修正问题,研究一种基于模型参考的自适应预测补偿迭代制导算法在运载火箭上的应用。该算法在经典迭代制导算法的基础上,根据预测的迭代终端程序角和飞行视加速度的参考模型,对关机点参数进行补偿,依据补偿后的终端指标重新规划飞行轨迹,进而得出满足入轨参数或终端程序角偏差修正的制导指令,提升迭代制导对入轨参数偏差或终端程序角的修正能力。此外,阐述了经典迭代制导的基本算法,概括了自适应预测补偿迭代制导算法的基本原理,并以大推力直接入轨、终端程序角大偏差以及满足终端程序角约束为例,给出相应工况的自适应预测补偿的迭代制导算法。仿真结果表明：该算法对入轨参数和终端程序角偏差具有一定的修正能力。     

Mesh deformation on 3D complex configurations using multistep radial basis functions interpolation

The Radial Basis Function (RBF) method with data reduction is an effective way to perform mesh deformation. However, for large deformations on meshes of complex aerodynamic configurations, the efficiency of the RBF mesh deformation method still needs to be further improved to fulfill the demand of practical application. To achieve this goal, a multistep RBF method based on a multilevel subspace RBF algorithm is presented to further improve the efficiency of the mesh deformation method in this research. A whole deformation is divided into a series of steps, and the supporting radius is adjusted in accordance with the maximal displacement error. Furthermore, parallel computing is applied to the interpolation to enhance the efficiency. Typical deformation problems of the NASA Common Research Model (CRM) configuration, the DLR-F6 wing-body-nacelle-pylon configuration, and the DLR-F11 high-lift configuration are tested to verify the feasibility of this method. Test results show that the presented multistep RBF mesh deformation method is efficient and robust in dealing with large deformation problems over complex geometries.     

“嫦娥4号”中继星伞状可展开天线设计与验证

伞状可展开天线是"嫦娥4号"中继星为着陆于月球背面的"嫦娥4号"着陆器和巡视器提供中继通信的关键单机。对伞状可展开天线的设计原理和构造进行了描述,对天线在轨展开、网面成型与保持、超低温环境适应性等技术难点开展了分析。天线在轨展开采用缓释弹簧分布式驱动展开技术,具有布局灵活、轻便、安装体积小、可靠性高的优点,并开展了寿命、热真空环境展开等试验,验证了天线展开技术的正确性;采用双层网结构设计形式实现天线网面成型与保持,优化了张力网节点数量,开展了型面精度测试和型面在轨热变形预示,验证了天线在轨型面精度达到亚毫米级的设计指标,进一步确保了天线在轨性能满足任务要求;天线部组件最低温度达到–250℃的超低温环境验证结果,表明天线经历超低温环境存储后,结构无损坏,性能无下降,满足天线在轨环境适应性的要求,有效地支撑了"嫦娥4号"中继星中继通信任务的顺利执行。     

Surface strengthening and grain refinement of AZ31B magnesium alloy by ultrasonic cavitation modification

Ultrasonic cavitation modification (UCM) employs cavitation effect to induce strong plastic deformation on the material surface and improve surface properties. To explore the surface strengthening and grain refinement of materials by UCM, the UCM orthogonal experiments of AZ31B magnesium alloy were carried out in water and kerosene, respectively. The effects of ultrasonic amplitude, distance from the sample, and processing time on Vickers hardness and grain size of the material were studied. The results showed that the Vickers hardness of samples increased to 1.5–3 times after UCM in water, which was 23.77–48.19% higher than that in kerosene. The metallographic observation indicated the grains on the surface of AZ31B were refined after UCM. The maximum fluctuation of grain size on the material surface was not more than 10 μm after UCM in water, and most of them were concentrated between 1.5 μm and 2.5 μm, while the former was more than 40 μm and the latter were concentrated between 2 μm and 10 μm in kerosene. This reflected that the grain refinement effect of UCM in water was better than that in kerosene. Ultrasonic cavitation can be used as a benign means to improve the surface properties of materials.     

三角网格模型的细分曲面拟合

提出一种用Loop细分曲面拟合三角网格模型的新算法.首先对网格模型进行特征识别,然后把经过简化和形状优化的网格作为拟合细分曲面初始控制网格.通过对控制网格顶点的循环修正、网格形状优化、局部自适应细分来求解拟合细分曲面控制顶点.该算法不仅避免了求解线性方程组,克服了拟合控制网格的扭曲现象,而且达到了用较少的控制网格拟合出反映物体细节特征并满足精度要求的分片光滑(片内除奇异点C1外其余C2连续)的Loop细分曲面的目的.实例表明,该算法用于测量数据的曲面重构是有效可行的.     

穿孔管式扩散器出口流速均匀性研究

为解决穿孔管式燃油扩散器内部压力分布严重不均匀,导致燃油扩散器出口流速不符合要求的问题对穿孔管式扩散器出口流速均匀性开展研究。以 Matlab 及 Fuent 软件为平台,通过 Sparlar-Allmaras 湍流模型来处理燃油在扩散器内的三维流动,建立穿孔管式扩散器内部燃油流动模型,并分析其内部压力分布及出口处的速度分布。多次选代计算后,发现网孔开设及内部构型设计可有效调节内部的流动方式和压力分布。其中网孔开设方面应考虑开孔总面积足够大:另外,对内部构型进行修型,在扩散器内部适当位置添加合适高度的孔板。详细给出了网孔的开设方法及扩散器内部需重点考虑的3个关键孔板的设计规律,对穿孔管式燃油扩散器的设计及优化提供了理论参考。     

锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷主动元件在航天自适应桁架结构中的应用

阐明了PZT压电材料的正、逆压电效应以及相应的压电作动器的机电耦合原理。针对航天自适应桁架结构的特点，运用PZT压电作动器进行了振动抑制实验并取得了良好的效果。