分布式IMA的网络分区方法及其实时性能分析

 针对分布式综合模块化航空电子(IMA)体系结构,在时间、空间分区以及带宽分区的基础上,提出了网络分区的概念,并建立了相应的网络模型、消息模型、流量模型及调度模型。利用网络演算方法,推导了航空电子混合消息集在网络分区下端到端(ETE)延迟的计算公式;搭建典型网络,通过理论计算对比了网络分区与带宽分区的实时性能。计算结果表明:网络分区下两条硬实时数据流的延迟较带宽分区分别降低了33.5%和74.2%;而弱硬实时与软实时数据流的延迟增加约30%。最后通过OPNET仿真对理论分析所得结果进行了验证,证明网络分区方法符合分布式IMA的分布式架构要求,并满足了系统混合关键性的需求。     

面向飞机表面喷涂的多层次控制程序结构

 为实现飞机外表面的机器人自动化喷涂,根据飞机外表面的几何特征,提出了飞机表面喷涂轨迹的规划方案和自动化喷涂作业的定位方法。根据该方法制订了多层次的喷涂控制程序结构,包括主逻辑层、控制程序层、辅助功能层3个层次。主逻辑层负责整个程序体系运行的调度,即调用控制程序层和辅助功能层中的功能模块;控制程序层包含飞机表面的分区及相应的喷涂控制程序模块;辅助功能层包括喷涂工艺参数、运动参数、系统默认参数等内容。为快速生成多层次喷涂程序体系,提出了面向飞机外表面喷涂的离线编程技术方案。以飞机模型表面喷涂为例,验证了方法的有效性和可维护性。     

Friction compensation for low velocity control of hydraulic flight motion simulator: A simple adaptive robust approach

Low-velocity tracking capability is a key performance of flight motion simulator (FMS), which is mainly affected by the nonlinear friction force. Though many compensation schemes with ad hoc friction models have been proposed, this paper deals with low-velocity control without friction model, since it is easy to be implemented in practice. Firstly, a nonlinear model of the FMS middle frame, which is driven by a hydraulic rotary actuator, is built. Noting that in the low velocity region, the unmodeled friction force is mainly characterized by a changing-slowly part, thus a simple adaptive law can be employed to learn this changing-slowly part and compensate it. To guarantee the boundedness of adaptation process, a discontinuous projection is utilized and then a robust scheme is proposed. The controller achieves a prescribed output tracking transient performance and final tracking accuracy in general while obtaining asymptotic output tracking in the absence of modeling errors. In addition, a saturated projection adaptive scheme is proposed to improve the globally learning capability when the velocity becomes large, which might make the previous proposed projection-based adaptive law be unstable. Theoretical and extensive experimental results are obtained to verify the high-performance nature of the proposed adaptive robust control strategy.     

Novel passive localization algorithm based on double side matrix-restricted total least squares

In order to solve the bearings-only passive localization problem in the presence of erroneous observer position, a novel algorithm based on double side matrix-restricted total least squares (DSMRTLS) is proposed. First, the aforementioned passive localization problem is transferred to the DSMRTLS problem by deriving a multiplicative structure for both the observation matrix and the observation vector. Second, the corresponding optimization problem of the DSMRTLS problem without constraint is derived, which can be approximated as the generalized Rayleigh quotient minimization problem. Then, the localization solution which is globally optimal and asymptotically unbiased can be got by generalized eigenvalue decomposition. Simulation results verify the rationality of the approximation and the good performance of the proposed algorithm compared with several typical algorithms.     

Blade containment evaluation of civil aircraft engines

The potential hazard resulting from uncontained turbine engine rotor blade failure has always been the long-term concern of each aero engine manufacturer, and to fully contain the failed blades under critical operating conditions is also one of the most important considerations to meet the rotor integrity requirements. Usually, there are many factors involving the engine containment capability which need to be reviewed during the engine design phases, such as case thickness, rotor support structure, blade weight and shape, etc. However, the premier method to demonstrate the engine containment capability is the fan blade-off test and margin of safety (MS) analysis. Based on a concrete engine model, this paper aims to explain the key points of aero engine containment requirements in FAR Part 33, and introduces the implementation of MS analysis and fan blade-off test in the engine airworthiness certification. Through the introduction, it would be greatly helpful to the industrial community to evaluate the engine containment capability and prepare the final test demonstration in engine certification procedure.     

基于事件触发的异构多智能体最优包含控制

针对异构多智能体系统的输出包含控制问题，提出一种基于边的事件触发最优控制协议，保证所有跟随者的输出能进入到由领航者的输出所形成的凸包中。同时，使系统达到最优性能，最小化控制代价。考虑到不是所有的跟随者都可获得领航者的信息，提出一种基于边的分布式事件触发观测器，估计领航者输出形成的凸包内点的轨迹。设计加权代价函数评价包含控制的性能，并将输出包含问题转化为最优状态反馈控制设计问题。利用贝尔曼方程和黎卡提方程，给出异构多智能体系统最优输出包含控制的参数设计。选择不同类型的机器人构成多智能体系统，验证算法的有效性。     

Utilisation of turboelectric distribution propulsion in commercial aviation: A review on NASA’s TeDP concept

Emissions produced by the aviation industry are currently a severe environmental threat; therefore, aviation agencies and governments have set emission targets and formulated plans to restrict emissions within the next decade. Hybrid aircraft technology is being considered to meet these targets. The importance of these technologies lies in their advancements in terms of aircraft life cycles and environmental benignity. Owing to these advancements, hybrid electric systems with more than one power source have become promising for the aviation industry, considering that the growth of air traffic is projected to double in the next decade. Hybrid technologies have given future hybrid fans and motor-fan engines potential as alternative power generators. Herein, Turboelectric Distributed Propulsion (TeDP) is discussed in terms of power distribution and power sources. The fundamentals of turbofan and turboshaft engines are presented along with their electricity-generation mechanism. TeDP is discussed from a design viewpoint, with a detailed discussion of different types of hybrid electric and turboelectric systems. Examples of proposed TeDP aircraft models and numerical modelling tools used to simulate the performance of TeDP models are reviewed. Finally, innovative turboelectric systems in which electric power savers and mechanical gear changers have been discarded for weight optimisation are presented along with other prospective models, engines, approaches, and architectures. The findings of this review indicate the knowledge gaps in the field of numerical modelling for NASA’s TeDP and its capability to increase the efficiency by up to 24% with a 50% reduction in emissions relative to those of conventional gas turbines.     

Adaptive double-saturated control for hovering over an asteroid

Hovering over an irregular-shaped asteroid is particularly challenging due to the large gravitational uncertainties and various external disturbances. An adaptive control scheme considering commanded acceleration and its change-rate saturation for hovering is developed in this paper. Taking full advantage of terminal sliding-mode control theory, first, we convert the double-saturated control problem to a new equivalent system by introducing a special bounded function, in which just control input saturation needs to be considered. Then, a continuous finite-time saturated controller is designed for the new system with the assistance of an constructed auxiliary subsystem. Additionally, an adaptive law is devised for the controller to avoid the requirement of the unknown upper bounds of the disturbances, rendering the control scheme especially suitable to asteroid hovering missions. The finite-time stability of the whole closed-loop system is proved via Lyapunov analysis. Numerical simulation studies are carried out, and the results demonstrate the design features and the desired performance.     

蜂群无人机充电排队优化方法

针对蜂群无人机快速充电排队问题，首次提出以平均队列长度和平均等待时间作为蜂群无人机充电排队优劣的评价指标。并通过理论分析和数值计算，在多充电平台的条件下，对蜂群无人机的分布式充电和集中式充电2种充电排队方式进行了比较和分析。得出蜂群无人机在泊松到达的条件下，随着服务强度的增加，评价指标对应的曲线出现了一个交叉点。在这个交叉点前，即服务强度较弱时，集中式充电排队方式优于分布式充电排队方式。在交叉点之后，即随着服务强度的增强，分布式充电排队方式将逐渐优于集中式充电排队方式。本文为蜂群无人机高效地完成任务提供了快速充电排队解决方案。     

无人机桨叶损伤的在线模型估计新方法

无人机在复杂高对抗环境中极易出现桨叶结构受损故障，造成无人机控制性能退化甚至失稳，给无人机带来灾难性后果。桨叶结构损伤条件下无人机动力学模型的在线估计与重建是保障无人机控制系统稳定的重要前提。由于桨叶损伤干扰隐含于无人机动力学模型的内部，可观测性较低，典型的干扰观测器难以实现对此类干扰的估计。提出了一种新型穿透型干扰观测器，通过构造穿透函数，将模型内部的干扰映射到一个新建的平行空间，实现了对桨叶损伤的估计和故障后无人机的建模，并给出了所设计穿透型干扰观测器的稳定性条件。以四旋翼无人机为应用对象，对桨叶损伤形成的干扰进行在线估计与量化，反演出桨叶随机出现的损伤，实现了桨叶损伤后无人机动力学模型的在线精细重建，解决了无人机桨叶损伤故障下力矩输入难以直接测量的问题。半物理仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。