膏体推进剂冲压发动机一次燃烧试验

针对额定流量和流量调节条件下膏体冲压发动机一次燃烧组织稳定的要求,提出了一种燃面自适应燃烧组织模式,设计了一次燃烧组织试验系统,进行了一次燃烧组织试验。试验结果表明,推进剂输送稳定,点火时序和推进剂输送时机合理,防回火措施有效,燃烧室压强经过调整后能够稳定在设计值附近。燃面自适应燃烧组织模式可以实现燃面的自适应调节,使推进剂输送和燃烧保持平衡,保证发动机的一次燃烧稳定。     

未来航空发动机控制技术的发展趋势

发动机控制系统在航空发动机系统中占有非常重要的地位,其性能的优劣直接影响到发动机及飞机的性能。本文针对未来航空发动机发展对控制系统的要求,分析了航空发动机控制技术的发展趋势。     

Removing orbital debris with lasers

Orbital debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) are now sufficiently dense that the use of LEO space is threatened by runaway collision cascading. A problem predicted more than thirty years ago, the threat from debris larger than about 1 cm demands serious attention. A promising proposed solution uses a high power pulsed laser system on the Earth to make plasma jets on the objects, slowing them slightly, and causing them to re-enter and burn up in the atmosphere. In this paper, we reassess this approach in light of recent advances in low-cost, light-weight modular design for large mirrors, calculations of laser-induced orbit changes and in design of repetitive, multi-kilojoules lasers, that build on inertial fusion research. These advances now suggest that laser orbital debris removal (LODR) is the most cost-effective way to mitigate the debris problem. No other solutions have been proposed that address the whole problem of large and small debris. A LODR system will have multiple uses beyond debris removal. International cooperation will be essential for building and operating such a system.     

一种高性能控制力矩陀螺框架控制方法的仿真研究

由控制力矩陀螺群构成的姿态控制系统是目前敏捷卫星实现姿态快速机动和精确控制的最佳选择,而低速框架的控制精度、响应速度与稳定性直接决定了控制力矩陀螺的工作性能.针对敏捷卫星对控制力矩陀螺工作性能的高要求,本文提出了一种框架的高性能控制方案——基于永磁同步电机及磁场定向控制算法,并结合框架角速度观测器的直接驱动控制方案.在框架角速度极低时,为解决角度传感器的分辨率无法满足控制精度要求的问题,引入Luenberger状态观测器获得框架角速度的观测值,并将该观测值引入框架角速度闭环控制系统.理论分析、仿真实验的结果证明了该方案的有效性.随后,针对电机参数漂移对观测值的影响进行了仿真分析,仿真结果证明了基于观测器的角速度闭环控制系统的鲁棒性.     

软件总线体系结构的研究与应用

设计一种轻量级软件总线体系结构,将软件总线思想引入到单机软件系统的定制与集成.软件总线技术源于分布式异构环境搭建提出的,应用于分布式系统.对传统软件总线结构进行改进,采用双总线结构,摒除不必要的分布式功能,使轻量级软件总线成为一种适用于单机环境的软件体系结构.通过创建一个基于轻量级软件总线体系结构的模拟银行服务排队系统,验证轻量级软件总线作为单机软件系统的搭建架构具有可行性.     

基于数值微分方法的卫星陀螺故障诊断(英文)

提出一种基于数值微分的卫星陀螺故障诊断方法。通过引入代数可观测的概念,将故障诊断问题转化为求解数值微分问题。并根据卫星姿态运动学方程证明了陀螺故障的代数可观性。然后通过高增益观测器的方法来近似姿态敏感器测量输出的数值导数,并利用李雅普诺夫理论分析和设计高增益观测器。基于陀螺故障的代数可观性和星敏感器测量输出的数值微分,可以直接得到陀螺组件的故障估计值。最后,通过突变、缓变和并发故障等仿真算例验证了算法的有效性,仿真结果表明所提出的方法不仅可以检测故障的发生,而且能够估计故障幅值。     

临近空间拦截弹的非奇异终端滑模控制

针对临近空间直接力/气动力复合控制拦截弹的抗干扰控制问题,提出了一种基于有限时间干扰观测器(FTDO)的非奇异终端滑模(NTSM)复合跟踪控制策略。首先,设计FTDO估计系统的不匹配干扰;在此基础上,设计基于FTDO的NTSM复合控制律,获取期望的控制力矩。接着,考虑到作为执行机构的气动舵和反作用喷气装置存在冗余性,进一步提出了一种动态控制分配算法实现期望控制指令到执行机构的分配,获得良好的控制分配精度和较小的执行机构能耗。最后,仿真结果验证了所设计复合控制系统的有效性。     

Adaptive fuzzy terminal sliding mode control for the free-floating space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure

Space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure simultaneously contains kinematic and dynamic coupling relationships, so it belongs to a new underactuated system. To allow the manipulator to carry on tasks, an effective robust underactuated control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure is studied in this paper. Considering the effect of model uncertainty and joint torque disturbance, a robust underactuated control system based on the Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (TSMC) is designed, but two drawbacks are discussed: (A) Robustness depraves with eliminating chattering. (B) Control parameters are difficult to be determined under unknown uncertainty and disturbance. To improve the TSMC, the adaptive fuzzy controller is introduced to estimate the real effect of unknown uncertainty and disturbance according to deviations of sliding mode and its reaching law. The estimated result is directly compensated into active joints torque. In simulation, the space manipulator with free-swinging joint executes tasks based on the TSMC and the Adaptive Fuzzy Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (AFTSMC) respectively. Same tasks can be finished with smaller joints torque and stronger robustness based on the AFTSMC. Therefore, AFTSMC can serve as an effective robust control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure under unknown model uncertainty and torque disturbance.     

基于观测器的平台无陀螺姿态复合控制

针对超静卫星星体平台无陀螺、载荷敏感器与星体平台执行机构非共基准安装时整星存在姿态异位控制问题,提出了一种基于观测器估计星体平台姿态的复合控制方法。首先,建立星体平台/Stewart平台/载荷的动力学模型,并获得Stewart平台作动器关节空间的等效动力学模型。针对关节空间等效模型,设计super twisting观测器,以作动器平动位移为输入,以载荷和星体平台之间的相对姿态和角速度为输出,实现星体平台姿态和角速度估计。其次,以载荷测量姿态信息为输入,设计Stewart作动器的积分滑模控制律,实现载荷高精度指向控制。以观测器估计的星体平台姿态信息为输入,设计星体平台控制器实现星体平台的稳定控制。Lyapunov稳定性分析表明所设计的观测器和控制器能够保证闭环系统渐近稳定。数学仿真结果表明：在星体平台有陀螺时,载荷能够实现0.1″指向精度;在星体平台无陀螺时,采用观测器估计星体平台姿态并进行控制,载荷亦可实现0.1″指向精度。