导航解算中的有色噪声及其协方差矩阵自适应拟合

使用Kalman滤波进行动态导航定位解算需要涉及函数模型和随机模型, 而在实际应用中, 精确的函数模型和随机模型很难直接给出, 因此, 动态Kalman滤波的精度和可靠性将会受到函数模型误差和随机模型误差的影响. 在假设观测噪声和动力学模型噪声主要是具有一阶自相关特性的有色噪声的基础上, 提出了一种基于移动窗口的有色噪声函数模型和随机模型的自适应拟合法. 给出了计算有色噪声估值和噪声协方差矩阵的表达式, 并利用实测数据验证了模型及算法的可行性和实用性. 计算结果表明, 该算法能有效抵制有色噪声对导航滤波结果的影响.      

膏体推进剂冲压发动机一次燃烧试验

针对额定流量和流量调节条件下膏体冲压发动机一次燃烧组织稳定的要求,提出了一种燃面自适应燃烧组织模式,设计了一次燃烧组织试验系统,进行了一次燃烧组织试验。试验结果表明,推进剂输送稳定,点火时序和推进剂输送时机合理,防回火措施有效,燃烧室压强经过调整后能够稳定在设计值附近。燃面自适应燃烧组织模式可以实现燃面的自适应调节,使推进剂输送和燃烧保持平衡,保证发动机的一次燃烧稳定。     

Removing orbital debris with lasers

Orbital debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) are now sufficiently dense that the use of LEO space is threatened by runaway collision cascading. A problem predicted more than thirty years ago, the threat from debris larger than about 1 cm demands serious attention. A promising proposed solution uses a high power pulsed laser system on the Earth to make plasma jets on the objects, slowing them slightly, and causing them to re-enter and burn up in the atmosphere. In this paper, we reassess this approach in light of recent advances in low-cost, light-weight modular design for large mirrors, calculations of laser-induced orbit changes and in design of repetitive, multi-kilojoules lasers, that build on inertial fusion research. These advances now suggest that laser orbital debris removal (LODR) is the most cost-effective way to mitigate the debris problem. No other solutions have been proposed that address the whole problem of large and small debris. A LODR system will have multiple uses beyond debris removal. International cooperation will be essential for building and operating such a system.     

Adaptive fuzzy terminal sliding mode control for the free-floating space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure

Space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure simultaneously contains kinematic and dynamic coupling relationships, so it belongs to a new underactuated system. To allow the manipulator to carry on tasks, an effective robust underactuated control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure is studied in this paper. Considering the effect of model uncertainty and joint torque disturbance, a robust underactuated control system based on the Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (TSMC) is designed, but two drawbacks are discussed: (A) Robustness depraves with eliminating chattering. (B) Control parameters are difficult to be determined under unknown uncertainty and disturbance. To improve the TSMC, the adaptive fuzzy controller is introduced to estimate the real effect of unknown uncertainty and disturbance according to deviations of sliding mode and its reaching law. The estimated result is directly compensated into active joints torque. In simulation, the space manipulator with free-swinging joint executes tasks based on the TSMC and the Adaptive Fuzzy Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (AFTSMC) respectively. Same tasks can be finished with smaller joints torque and stronger robustness based on the AFTSMC. Therefore, AFTSMC can serve as an effective robust control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure under unknown model uncertainty and torque disturbance.     

基于归一化神经网络的航天器自适应姿态跟踪控制

针对以变速控制力矩陀螺（VSCMGs）为姿态控制执行机构的航天器在同时考虑惯性参数和执行机构不确定性情况下的姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了一种基于归一化神经网络的自适应姿态跟踪控制方法。设计一个非线性反馈控制器作为航天器姿态控制的基本控制器,利用归一化神经网络设计补偿控制器,用以在线估计和消除包含系统不确定参数的未知不确定函数的影响,避免了标准自适应控制方法需要进行大量不确定参数估计的缺陷。采用神经网络输入归一化技术,简化了闭环系统复杂的稳定性分析过程。理论分析证明了闭环系统的稳定性和姿态跟踪误差的收敛性。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制方法能满足航天器在惯性参数和执行机构不确定性及外干扰存在情况下的高精度姿态跟踪控制要求。
     

六自由度气浮台及其姿态平台自动平衡系统设计

针对卫星交会对接中相对姿态和位置的控制问题,设计一种6自由度（DOF）气浮台,并推导出描述两个气浮台模拟卫星交会对接运动的耦合6自由度(DOF)动力学模型。为解决气浮台模拟空间失重环境中的重力力矩干扰问题,设计一种基于应用新颖的快速非奇异终端滑模面的自适应有限时间控制器的自动平衡系统,估计出质心位置,通过控制三个平衡质量块补偿姿态平台质心与旋转中心之间的位置偏差。李雅普诺夫理论推导和仿真结果表明,该方法可以快速完成对姿态平台质心位置的准确估计,实现质心与旋转中心的高度重合。     

Adaptive path planning for unmanned aerial vehicles based on bi-level programming and variable planning time interval

This paper presents an adaptive path planner for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to adapt a real-time path search procedure to variations and fluctuations of UAVs’ relevant performances, with respect to sensory capability, maneuverability, and flight velocity limit. On the basis of a novel adaptability-involved problem statement, bi-level programming (BLP) and variable planning step techniques are introduced to model the necessary path planning components and then an adaptive path planner is developed for the purpose of adaptation and optimization. Additionally, both probabilistic-risk-based obstacle avoidance and performance limits are described as path search constraints to guarantee path safety and navigability. A discrete-search-based path planning solution, embedded with four optimization strategies, is especially designed for the planner to efficiently generate optimal flight paths in complex operational spaces, within which different surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) are deployed. Simulation results in challenging and stochastic scenarios firstly demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed planner, and then verify its great adaptability and relative stability when planning optimal paths for a UAV with changing or fluctuating performances.     

基于鲁棒自适应反步法的航天器姿态跟踪控制

针对存在未知惯量矩阵和外干扰的刚体航天器姿态跟踪,提出了一种鲁棒自适应控制方法。综合自适应反步法和非线性L2增益干扰抑制方法,用自适应反步法构造系统的Lyapunov函数,获得了具L2增益的鲁棒自适应控制器,以保证姿态跟踪误差系统为一致最终有界稳定,确保估计的航天器惯量参数的有界性,并使从外干扰输入到评价输出的L2增益不大于给定值。仿真结果验证了方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于自适应滑模的变质心再入飞行器控制律设计

建立了有纵向单滑块的变质心再入飞行器系统控制模型。对该有输入非线性的快时变多体系统,考虑系统存在参数不确定等因素的影响并将完整的活动质量体动力学环节置入姿态控制,基于滑模控制理论设计了俯仰姿态跟踪鲁棒控制系统。在参数不确定性条件下对飞行控制系统进行了仿真。结果表明：设计的控制律可实现对指令角度和指令位置有效、快速、稳定...