Li含量对Mg-6Y-3Zn-xLi合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用氩气保护真空熔炼的方法制备了铸态Mg-6Y-3Zn-xLi（x=0,5,8,11,wt%）合金,并对其进行了均匀化处理和热挤压变形。通过OM、SEM以及拉伸试验等手段研究了Li含量对合金微观组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着Li含量的增加,铸态Mg-6Y-3Zn-xLi合金基体由α单相结构逐渐转变为（α+β）双相结构,晶粒尺寸和共晶化合物的形貌及分布规律也发生明显变化。均匀化处理后Mg-6Y-3Zn-xLi合金中形成的块状长周期有序（LPSO）结构相,随Li含量的增加其体积分数逐渐降低,（Mg,Zn）₂₄Y₅相数量则逐渐增多。Mg-6Y-3Zn-8Li合金进过均匀化处理和热挤压变形后表现出最优的综合力学性能,抗拉强度和延伸率分别达到278 MPa和11.6%,这主要是由于均匀分布的被破碎细化的块状LPSO相和大量细小动态再结晶的共同强化作用。     

单轴拉伸下HTPB推进剂细观损伤演化实验研究

为了研究HTPB固体推进剂在单轴拉伸载荷下的细观损伤机理,采用高精度微CT对拉伸过程中的HTPB推进剂进行了扫描实验,获取了不同拉伸应变下推进剂的细观损伤形貌以及孔隙率变化规律,分析了推进剂细观损伤对宏观力学性能的影响。结果表明：初始损伤的存在使得推进剂在受到载荷作用时AP颗粒就开始脱湿,AP颗粒脱湿形成的孔洞是推进剂细观损伤的主要形式。拉伸应变较小时,相对小尺寸AP颗粒而言,大尺寸AP颗粒附近的缺陷更容易发展成孔洞。随着拉伸应变的增大,绝大多数AP颗粒都开始脱湿,在推进剂宏观断裂前,大量AP颗粒脱湿形成的孔洞发生汇合,最终使推进剂断裂。加载过程中推进剂孔隙率随拉伸应变呈指数变化,初始孔隙率为1.8%,60%拉伸应变时孔隙率为19.1%。推进剂宏观力学性能处于线弹性段时,其内部细观损伤依旧在不断增加,当细观损伤累积到一定程度时推进剂的承载能力下降,宏观力学性能进入非线性段;由于AP颗粒仍具有一定的增强作用,且HTPB基体也具备承载能力,所以推进剂的应力随拉伸应变呈缓慢增加的趋势。     

中高层大气对低层大气脉冲扰动的响应

从基本的大气运动方程出发,采用二维全隐欧拉格式(FICE)建立极坐标下二维声重波传播的数值模式.对小振幅高斯形态声重波传播过程的模拟结果表明,该数值模式能够再现声重波波包向上的稳定传播过程.应用此数值模式模拟了在没有背景风场和存在背景风场条件下中高层大气对10km高空处近似脉冲点源扰动的响应过程,获得了中高层大气对低层大气脉冲扰动响应的图像.结果表明,电离层高度对重力波扰动的响应不但出现在激发源激发之后,还与激发源具有较大距离,扰动的幅度随高度的增大而增大;有背景风时,顺风情况下重力波波动传播路径较逆风情况下平缓,且传播的水平距离比逆风情况下远,波动的振幅较逆风情况下弱,逆向背景风场能够加速重力波向上传播.同时,模拟还表明脉冲扰动正上方可以激发产生一种以6 min为主要周期,具有声学分支特性的快速波动.本文模拟的扰动结果与2004年12月26日苏门答腊-安达曼地震引起的电离层TEC扰动具有类似的图像.      

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cross-rolled Ti50Ni47Fe3 Shape Memory Alloy

The microstructures, the phase transformation characteristics, and the mechanical properties of the Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy in as-forged and as-cross-rolled states were investigated. It is found that, after cross-rolling, the phase transformation temperature （Ms） of the alloy decreases drastically and the grains get refined. Moreover, its yield strength and fracture strength after cross-rolling hit 540 MPa and 687 MPa respectively, up by about 200 MPa over those in as-forged state.     

氰酸酯/线性酚醛/环氧树脂三元体系的研究

 在氰酸酯树脂/ 环氧树脂体系中引入了线性酚醛树脂,得到氰酸酯树脂/ 环氧树脂/ 线性酚醛树脂三元共聚体系。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC) 研究了三元共聚体系的反应动力学,根据Kissinger 方程和Ozawa 方程得到体系的表观活化能( Ea) :62. 94kJ / mol,确定了体系的反应速率常数K。比较了纯氰酸酯树脂、氰酸酯/ 环氧树脂体系和三元树脂体系玻璃布层压板的力学性能、介电性能以及吸湿率。结果表明,线性酚醛树脂用量为15wt %的三元体系复合材料的弯曲强度和层间剪切强度分别比氰酸酯/ 环氧树脂体系复合材料提高了6 %和15 %,介电损耗和吸水率分别降低了33 %和8 %。     

Optimal assimilation for ionospheric weather – Theoretical aspect

Observation, specification and prediction of ionospheric weather are the key scientific pursuits of space physicists, which largely based on an optimal assimilation system. The optimal assimilation system, or commonly called data assimilation system, consists of dynamic process, observation system and optimal estimation procedure. We attempt to give a complete framework in this paper under which the data assimilation procedure carries through. We discuss some crucial issues of data assimilation as follows: modeling a dynamic system for ionospheric weather; state estimation for static or steady system in sense of optimization and likelihood; state and its uncertainty estimation for dynamic process. Meanwhile we also discuss briefly the observability of an observation system; system parameter identification. Some data assimilation procedures existed at present are reviewed in the framework of this paper. As an example, a second order dynamic system is discussed in more detail to illustrate the specific optimal assimilation procedure, ranging from modeling the system, state and its uncertainty calculation, to the quantitatively integration of dynamic law, measurement to significantly reduce the estimation error. The analysis shows that the optimal assimilation model, with mathematical core of optimal estimation, differs from the theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical models in assimilating measured data, being constrained by physical law and being optimized respectively. The data assimilation technique, due to its optimization and integration feature, could obtain better accurate results than those obtained by dynamic process, measurement or their statistical analysis alone. The model based on optimal assimilation meets well with the criterion of the model or algorithm assessment by ‘space weather metrics’. More attention for optimal assimilation procedure creation should be paid to transition matrix finding, which is usually not easy for practical space weather system. High performance computing hardware and software studies should be promoted further so as to meet the requirement of large storage and extensive computation in the optimal estimation. The discussion in this paper is appropriate for the static or steady state or transition process of dynamic system. Many phenomena in space environment are unstable and chaos. So space environment study should include and integrate these two branches of learning. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

酚醛树脂杂化磷酸盐基复合材料的研究

用酚醛树脂对磷酸盐进行了杂化，并用杂化基体制备了玻璃纤维增强的复合材料。考察了酚醛树脂加入量对复合材料的力学性能、吸水性和介电性能的影响。结果表明，酚醛树脂加入后。磷酸盐复合材料的力学性能明显提高，弯曲强度从50MPa提高到100MPa以上；吸水性显著下降，吸湿率从5．5％降低到1．5％左右；同时复合材料的介电性能亦有改善。     

三维编织复合材料蠕变行为的试验研究

对不同编织结构、不同编织角、不同纤维体积含量和不同应力水平下的三维编织复合材料试件进行了蠕变测试实验,研究了三维编织复合材料的蠕变性能.结果表明,三维四向编织复合材料的蠕变性能低于五向编织复合材料;编织角小的材料抗蠕变性能较好;纤维体积含量高的材料抗蠕变性能较好.并且材料所受应力水平越高,蠕变速率越高.此外,还表明幂指函数可以较好地拟合三维编织复合材料的蠕变曲线.     

铝基复合材料增强体碳、碳化硅和氧化铝表面涂层研究进展

基体与增强体间的界面对金属基复合材料的性质起着重要的作用。通过增强体表面处理和表面涂层可以使界面的性质得以改善。增强体涂层可分为金属涂层、陶瓷涂层 ;单层和多层涂层。涂层的常用制备方法有 :化学镀法、化学气相沉积法及溶胶 凝胶法等。本文针对铝基复合材料三种重要的增强体 :碳、碳化硅和氧化铝表面涂层以及它们对铝基复合材料的界面和性能的影响进行综述     

SY—H1糊状胶粘剂性能研究

SY H1为中温固化的单组分糊状环氧胶粘剂。本文详细介绍了该胶粘剂的固化工艺性能、耐水性能、耐热老化、耐温度交变、室温贮存性能、耐湿热老化、疲劳等综合性能。该胶粘剂具有固化温度低而使用温度较高的特点,在室温下有较长的贮存期,可应用于钢、铝和复合材料的胶接。