特低燃速固体推进剂低压下的燃速测试

用“高低压声发射燃速测试系统”研究测定了特低燃速丁羟推进剂（ｒ＝２ｍｍ／ｓ～４ｍｍ／ｓ）在２ＭＰａ低压下的燃速和２ＭＰａ～１４ＭＰａ范围内的燃速压强指数。结果表明,特低燃速的测试精度可达１％,某ＨＴＰＢ－ＡＰ－Ａｌ－Ｔ２９－ＨＭＸ推进剂的燃速测试临界压强为２ＭＰａ。     

全尺寸飞机疲劳试验过程中的无损检测及声发射监测技术研究

本文介绍了在全尺寸飞机疲劳试验过程中的无损检测和声发射监测的技术细节,说明了如何根据监测目标任务要求,确定传感器位置和安装方案、进行声传播通道性能测试、材料声发射(AE)性能研究和考证整个检测系统工作的平稳性。讨论了如何合理设置数据采集系统的参数,研究了背景噪声的变化规律,并特别研究了同疲劳裂纹形成和扩展有关的声发射信号的特征及如何从强背景噪声环境中获得有用AE信号。论文以中央翼-外翼连接区域和起落架上枢轴接头等关键部位为例,说明实施监测的方法。由于疲劳试验特别强调监测结果的实时性和及时性,在声发射信号处理方面,作者利用趋势分析,基于时间、空间的滤波和基于幅度和能量分布等多种信号处理方式,以及多参数综合识别技术对一些关键部位的状态进行了声发射连续跟踪监测,为保证全尺寸飞机机体部件疲劳试验的顺利进行起到了重要作用。     

Numerical evaluation of acoustic characteristics and their damping of a thrust chamber using a constant-volume bomb model

In order to numerically evaluate the acoustic characteristics of liquid rocket engine thrust chambers by means of a computational fluid dynamics method, a mathematical model of an artificial constant-volume bomb is proposed in this paper. A localized pressure pulse with a very high amplitude can be imposed on specified regions in a combustion chamber, the numerical procedure of which is described. Pressure oscillations actuated by the released constant-volume bomb can then be analyzed via Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT), and their modes can be identified according to the theoretical acoustic eigenfrequencies of the thrust chamber. The damping performances of the corresponding acoustic modes are evaluated by the half-power bandwidth method. The predicted acoustic characteristics and their damping for a special engine combustor agree well with the experimental data, validating the mathematical model and its numerical procedures. A small-thrust liquid rocket engine chamber is then analyzed by the present model. The First Longitudinal (1L) acoustic mode can be excited easily and is hard to be damped. The axial position of the central constant-volume bomb has little influence on the amplitude and damping capacity of the First Radial (1R) and 1L acoustic modes. Tangential acoustic modes can only be triggered by an off-centered constant-volume bomb, among which the First Tangential (1T) mode is the strongest and regarded as the most harmful one. The amplitude of the 1L acoustic mode is smaller, but its damping factor is larger, as a constant-volume bomb is imposed approaching the injector face. These results are contributed to evaluate the acoustic characteristics and their damping of the combustion chamber.     

直升机扭振固有频率测量试验方法

直升机扭振与FADEC控制的耦合具有强大的破坏作用,在FADEC中必须采取有效措施防止这种共振,有必要通过试验的方法测量扭振的固有频率。独创性地设计了用于直升机扭振固有频率测量的新方案:采用颤振扫频技术,直接对FADEC系统动力涡轮转速给定值进行激励,通过闭环系统对发动机动力涡轮转速进行扫频激励的方法,获取了直升机扭振系统不同工作模态下的扭振频率点。试验结果表明:该新方法能够在直升机平台准确地获取扭振固有频率。     

发动机机匣弧面不规则管路的布局参数多目标优化设计

管路布局优化是降低发动机管路振动应力的重要手段,提出了一种发动机机匣弧面上不规则管路布局参数的多目标优化设计方法。从发动机机匣弧面的U形管路出发,建立了具有复杂布局走向的不规则单管路的参数化建模方法。分析了布局参数对管路的危险固有频率、多点激励响应的灵敏度。综合考虑错频和最大响应等多个目标,采用多目标遗传优化算法,对不规则管路的布局参数实施了优化设计。结果表明:管形布局优化设计效果显著,错开了两个危险固有频率禁带;管路结构在相同激励下最大位移幅值下降约35%,最大应力幅值下降近50%,为发动机管路的振动控制和动力学正向设计提供了参考。      

Numerical simulation of hypersonic thermochemical nonequilibrium flows using nonlinear coupled constitutive relations

To predict aeroheating performance of hypersonic vehicles accurately in thermochemical nonequilibrium flows accompanied by rarefaction effect, a Nonlinear Coupled Constitutive Relations (NCCR) model coupled with Gupta’s chemical models and Park’s two-temperature model is firstly proposed in this paper. Three typical cases are intensively investigated for further validation, including hypersonic flows over a two-dimensional cylinder, a RAM-C II flight vehicle and a type HTV-2 flight vehicle. The results predicted by NCCR solution, such as heat flux coefficient and electron number densities, are in better agreement with those of direct simulation Monte Carlo or flight data than Navier-Stokes equations, especially in the extremely nonequilibrium regions, which indicates the potential of the newly-developed solution to capture both thermochemical and rarefied nonequilibrium effects. The comparisons between the present solver and NCCR model without a two-temperature model are also conducted to demonstrate the significance of vibrational energy source term in the accurate simulation of high-Mach flows.     

固体推进剂断裂韧性试验方法研究

利用声发射试验系统和CT试样，对HTPB推进剂I型裂纹断裂韧性进行实验研究。通过研究复合固体推进剂的声发射事件特性和裂纹扩展特性的关系，得到一种由振铃计数确定临界载荷的方法，该方法能准确求得断裂韧性。     

单层板超高速撞击声发射波的频谱特征分析

空间碎片撞击航天器的威胁对发展在轨感知系统提出需求，为研制基于声发射技术的感知系统，有必要研究超高速撞击产生的声发射信号波形特征。进行了铝弹丸超高速撞击单层板的实验，利用超声传感器采集到声发射波形，并使用小波变换对波形进行频谱分析。结果表明：在1～4km／s的撞击速度范围内，超高速撞击在单层板内引起的声发射波主要是AO模式、S0模式及S2模式的弹性板波；A0模式波形随撞击速度增大而减弱，其余2种模式则随之增强；成坑撞击波形具有较强的A0模式，击穿撞击波形具有较强的S0模式和S2模式。引入超高速撞击过程中的法向冲击作用和径向扩孔作用的概念，分析了上述规律。     

高压燃速声发射测试技术研究

简要介绍了一种高压燃速声发射测试方法的原理、测试系统及其技术参数。在3～20MPa下进行了不同燃速的测定，结果表明，该系统测试相对误差小于0．9％．