浅谈陶瓷基复合材料无损检测方法及其进展

陶瓷基复合材料由于其具有耐高温、密度低、抗氧化性好等多种优良特性目前已广泛地应用于航空航天领域。采用无损检测方法对陶瓷基复合材料进行相关检测对保证材料产品质量以及提高产品使用的可靠性等都具有重要意义。综述了陶瓷基复合材料无损检测发展现状,阐述了太赫兹、X射线、工业CT、红外热成像、超声波及声发射技术等常用陶瓷基复合材料检测手段的原理并介绍了其在陶瓷基复合材料无损检测方面的应用实例。     

分布式波浪前缘静子叶片对单级轴流风扇单音噪声影响的数值研究

为了适应逐年严苛的适航噪声标准,改善飞机噪声环境,突破航空发动机降噪技术的瓶颈,有必要开发新的降噪手段以指导叶轮机械降噪设计。本文采用URANS与FW-H方程混合方法,通过将波浪前缘构型运用在叶片流动损失较大、声源强度较强的部分后,进一步观察其气动性能和降噪效果。研究表明：与基准叶片相比,分布式波浪前缘静子叶片可以在1BPF（Blade Passing Frequency）时降低风扇入口声功率级0.67~1.9dB,2BPF时降低风扇入口声功率级1.87~4.18dB,3BPF时降低风扇入口声功率级2.4~6.8dB,同时,总压比最高提升0.027%,等熵效率最高提升0.28%。因此,分布式波浪前缘静子叶片在叶轮机械降噪方面有很好的运用前景。     

等效导纳模型分析航天器VHF/UHF频段屏蔽效能

针对VHF/UHF频段航天器舱体屏蔽处理难度大的问题,提出一种基于等效导纳模型的屏蔽效能分析方法。该方法将屏蔽舱体孔缝等效为波导结构,基于变分法原理建立水平电容和垂直电感模型,对参数失配和舱体厚度影响进行导纳匹配和孔缝宽度参数修正。采用传输线理论建立屏蔽效能分析数学模型。算例对比表明算法具有较高的分析精度,可有效分析孔缝不位于舱体中心位置和孔缝长度非波长整数倍时的屏蔽效能,并可准确预测舱体的谐振效应。将其应用到航天器舱体屏蔽效能分析中,对比结果表明算法可有效满足工程应用要求。     

Large-eddy simulation and linear acoustic modeling of entropy mode oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection

Lean-burn combustor is particularly susceptible to combustion instability and the unsteady heat release is usually considered as the excitation of the self-maintained thermo-acoustic oscillations. The transverse coolant injection is widely used to reduce the temperature of burnt gas, but on the other hand, it will introduce temperature fluctuation inside the combustor. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of the coolant injection on combustion instability, and evaluate its dynamic feature. In this paper, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of the self-excited pressure oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection is carried out. The analysis of transient flow characteristics and the identification of the pressure modes confirm that one of the low frequency pressure oscillations is related to entropy fluctuations, which is known as rumble combustion instability. The LES results show that transient coolant injection is another excitation of temperature fluctuation other than unsteady combustion. The amplitude of the entropy mode oscillation increases with increasing coolant air mass whereas the change of its frequency is insignificant. According to the major feature of entropy wave oscillation caused by coolant injection, a compact coolant injection model is proposed and applied in the One Dimensional (1D) Acoustic Network Method (ANM). Key correlations used in the model match well with LES data in low frequency range. This means that the coolant injection model is a complex one reflecting the interaction of the fluctuating coolant mass, pressure and temperature. Finally, the combustion instability frequencies and modes predicted by acoustic network method are also in good agreement with LES results.     

考虑模型抖振力跨向不完全相关性效应的气动导纳识别

首先通过考虑节段模型上抖振力跨向不完全相关性效应推导了节段模型风洞试验中作用在模型断面上的分布抖振力谱和由底支式天平测到的模型总抖振力谱之间的关系。然后,以准平板断面为例,进行了格栅湍流场节段模型的测力和同步测压试验,获得了模型总抖振力谱以及模型抖振力跨向相关性函数。接着,采用等效导纳法以及抖振力自谱和抖振力脉动风速交叉谱综合残量最小二乘法分别识别了准平板节段模型等效气动导纳和六分量气动导纳,讨论了模型抖振力跨向不完全相关性效应对气动导纳识别结果的影响,并把识别得到的准平板断面气动导纳与平板断面气动导纳的理论结果---Sears 函数进行了比较。结果表明:忽略抖振力跨向不完全相关性效应(即假设节段模型分布抖振力沿跨向完全相关)而直接采用平均抖振力作为断面上分布抖振力的传统方法会导致气动导纳识别结果偏小,并且,其偏小程度会随着频率的增加而增加;此外,相对于抖振升力和扭矩相关的气动导纳分量而言,由于抖振阻力的跨向相关性比抖振升力和扭矩的跨向相关性显得更弱,因此抖振力跨向不完全相关性效应对阻力相关气动导纳分量识别结果的影响更大;利用识别得到的六分量气动导纳反算的作用在模型上的分布抖振力谱与试验中实测结果非常接近,经抖振力跨向不完全相关性效应修正后的竖向脉动风速对应的升力和扭矩气动导纳分量的识别结果与Sears函数也比较接近,从而验证了用于六分量气动导纳识别的自谱-交叉谱综合最小二乘法的可靠性。     

薄板结构气动导纳试验研究

结构的气动导纳是决定结构上气动荷载的重要参数。常用的Sears’气动导纳函数只描述了导纳与频率的关系。设计了拉条模型试验验证结构的气动导纳不单与频率有关 ,还与结构的特征尺寸、风场的特征参数有关。获得的三维气动导纳公式定量描述了导纳与频率n、湍流积分尺度Lw 和薄板宽度B的关系     

Physical model for acoustic resonance in annular cavity structure

A physical model for acoustic resonance in the annular cavity structure is developed to represent the typical characteristic when acoustic resonance occurs. Firstly, the measurement of sound pressure in the casing and rotor blades vibration is operated in a multistage high pressure compressor. The sharp peak frequency and discrete multi-tone occur in the frequency spectrum of sound pressure in the compressor, and the vibration of the first stage of rotor blades synchronously presents the high am...     

中高层大气对低层大气脉冲扰动的响应

从基本的大气运动方程出发,采用二维全隐欧拉格式(FICE)建立极坐标下二维声重波传播的数值模式.对小振幅高斯形态声重波传播过程的模拟结果表明,该数值模式能够再现声重波波包向上的稳定传播过程.应用此数值模式模拟了在没有背景风场和存在背景风场条件下中高层大气对10km高空处近似脉冲点源扰动的响应过程,获得了中高层大气对低层大气脉冲扰动响应的图像.结果表明,电离层高度对重力波扰动的响应不但出现在激发源激发之后,还与激发源具有较大距离,扰动的幅度随高度的增大而增大;有背景风时,顺风情况下重力波波动传播路径较逆风情况下平缓,且传播的水平距离比逆风情况下远,波动的振幅较逆风情况下弱,逆向背景风场能够加速重力波向上传播.同时,模拟还表明脉冲扰动正上方可以激发产生一种以6 min为主要周期,具有声学分支特性的快速波动.本文模拟的扰动结果与2004年12月26日苏门答腊-安达曼地震引起的电离层TEC扰动具有类似的图像.     

Microacoustic Imaging Technique for Bulk Microstructure Characterization of Woven CFRC Materials

In short wavelength case ultrasound propagation through woven carbon fiber-rein-forced composite (CFRC) materials essentially depends on their microstructure.Fiber bundle and weaving ply can be considered as basic structural elements of woven CFRC laminates.These structural units provide effective reflectors when ultra-short impulse high frequency ultrasound impinges on woven laminates.The reflection coefficient R0 achieves level of 3%-15% at ply-ply interface,0.2-0.4 in resin pocket region.This magnitude of reflection coefficient offers reasonable acoustic contrast to see packing,lay-up and resin pockets in woven laminate body by acoustic imaging methods.Microacoustic imaging technique is based on time-resolved echoes from reflections in woven CFRC laminates.A focal system with low aperture angle is used to generate 20-40 probe ultrasonic pulse wave.Its spatial resolution is up to 60mm at 50MHz in woven CFRC laminate.The results presented in this paper demonstrates the possibility and potentiality of characterization of microstrueture of woven CFRC laminates.Packing,lay-up,weaving nature,fiber bundle,resin pocket as well as their topology are exhibited clearly in the acoustic images by using microaeoustic technique.     

管材探伤中最佳水声程问题的探讨

多年来，中小直径薄壁管超声水浸聚焦探伤法中，Ｈ＝Ｆ－√Ｒ＾２－Ｌ＾２被称为最佳水声程公式，但探伤实践中发现，实际最佳声程和由此式计算出来的理论最佳水声程出入较大，甚至完全不符。其原因是什么？此式存在的条件是什么？其适应性怎样？最佳水声程的涵义是什么？应如何确定？本文从理论和实践两方面对上述问题进行了分析，并提出了相应的结论。