基于测速定轨的轨道参数精度分析

利用误差传播关系,比较了测速体制下逐点定轨算法和多项式定轨算法的精度,为多项式和样条算法在测速定轨体制中的应用提供理论依据。利用逐点及多项式算法对两条典型轨道进行性能计算,结果表明:多项式算法能获得比逐点算法更高精度的轨道参数,且该算法数据结构简单、具有一定的实时性。     

大型双反射紧缩场幅相特性校准技术研究

紧缩场是天线、目标RCS测试的关键设备,它能在近距离内把馈源发出的球面波校准为准平面波。为评定紧缩场静区产生的电磁波分布是否符合准平面波特性,需要现场搭建高性能微波幅相收发系统和大型多自由度高精度扫描系统。本文以大型双反射面紧缩场静区性能校准需求为例,从现场计量幅相系统构建、大型复杂扫描系统设计、现场计量实施等方面详细分析了紧缩场静区性能现场校准相关技术。实测结果表明现场搭建的校准系统满足远距离大型双反射面紧缩场静区性能计量需求,各项检测参数量值均满足该紧缩场设计指标要求。     

一种采用双视场星敏感器的飞行器姿态角快速、高精度测量方法

针对姿态经常机动的飞行器之间建立激光通信问题,研究了一种针对这种飞行器的姿态角高精度、快速测量新方法.这种姿态角测量方法采用一种由宽、窄两种视场组成的双视场星敏感器,并以0轨道飞行器应用为例进行了姿态角测量仿真:其中的宽视场用于识别北极星,窄视场用于跟踪北极星;通过对北极星方向矢量测量值与其理论值进行比较精确求出了偏航、俯仰和滚动三个姿态角.分析表明,姿态角的角分辨率小于1″;测量过程不需要耗时的星图数据库搜索,一帧图像就可以完成一次快速测量.     

基于距离梯度的多普勒中心估计精度分析

多普勒中心估计一般使用原始数据或距离压缩后的数据,但目前缺少统一的参数对估计精度进行分析.在多普勒模糊数准确的前提下,提出了根据几何模型和多普勒中心精度要求划分数据块,利用多普勒中心估计值的距离梯度均值和标准差分析多普勒中心的方法.实验表明,利用原始数据得到的多普勒中心估计值其距离梯度的均值和标准差都小于几何模型限定值...     

航天测控系统卫星鉴定技术研究

针对基于卫星的航天测控系统精度鉴定技术开展了深入的分析和研究,提出了较为全面的卫星鉴定的思路和技术途径。在时序比对统计方法的基础上对利用卫星进行系统误差分离的方法展开了深入研究,并将比对估计统计方法和"EMBET"自鉴定方法有机结合起来。通过可行性分析和工程应用充分验证了利用卫星对航天测控系统进行精度鉴定的可行性、正确性和优越性。     

A new simpler rotation/curvature correction method for Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model

 A new and much simpler rotation and curvature effects factor, which takes the form of Richardson number suggested by Hellsten originally for SST k-x model, is presented for Spalart and Shur's rotation and curvature correction in the context of Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model. The new factor excludes the Lagrangian derivative of the strain rate tensor that exists in the SARC model, resulting in a simple, efficient and easy-to-implement approach for SA turbulence model (denoted as SARCM) to account for the effects of system rotation and curvature, techniquely. And then the SARCM is tested through turbulent curved wall flows: one is the flow over a zeropressure- gradient curved wall and the other is the channel flow in a duct with a U-turn. Predictions of the SARCM model are compared with experimental data and with the results obtained using original SA and SARC models. The numerical results show that SARCM can predict the rotation-curvature effects as accurately as SARC, but considerably more efficiently. Additionally, the accuracy of SARCM might strongly depend on the rotation-curvature model constants. Suggesting values for those constants are given, after some trials and errors.     

Autonomous satellite navigation using starlight refraction angle measurements

An on-board autonomous navigation capability is required to reduce the operation costs and enhance the navigation performance of future satellites. Autonomous navigation by stellar refraction is a type of autonomous celestial navigation method that uses high-accuracy star sensors instead of Earth sensors to provide information regarding Earth’s horizon. In previous studies, the refraction apparent height has typically been used for such navigation. However, the apparent height cannot be measured directly by a star sensor and can only be calculated by the refraction angle and an atmospheric refraction model. Therefore, additional errors are introduced by the uncertainty and nonlinearity of atmospheric refraction models, which result in reduced navigation accuracy and reliability. A new navigation method based on the direct measurement of the refraction angle is proposed to solve this problem. Techniques for the determination of the refraction angle are introduced, and a measurement model for the refraction angle is established. The method is tested and validated by simulations. When the starlight refraction height ranges from 20 to 50 km, a positioning accuracy of better than 100 m can be achieved for a low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite using the refraction angle, while the positioning accuracy of the traditional method using the apparent height is worse than 500 m under the same conditions. Furthermore, an analysis of the factors that affect navigation accuracy, including the measurement accuracy of the refraction angle, the number of visible refracted stars per orbit and the installation azimuth of star sensor, is presented. This method is highly recommended for small satellites in particular, as no additional hardware besides two star sensors is required.     

基于广播星历的北斗绝对位置基准建立与精度分析

军事反恐、远洋或偏远地区等区域由于条件受控或受限，无法快速自建基准站网框架，因此难以获取高精度的全球绝对位置基准。基于此，提出了利用广播星历中获取的开普勒轨道参数和钟差参数，联合伪距和载波观测值，对单站多天观测文件和导航文件进行静态序贯最小二乘解算，使其定位精度收敛，进而为该区域提供一个低成本的绝对位置基准。多天连续试验结果表明：1）在静态环境下，BDS广播星历单天解的平面和高程定位精度分别为30.0cm和20.0cm，若延长观测时长至7天左右，可获得收敛解，其平面和高程方向平均精度分别达到9.5cm和14.3cm；2）用超快速星历代替广播星历，则BDS单天解平面和高程精度分别为24.3cm和37.3cm，与广播星历结果相差不大；3）对比BDS和GPS定位结果发现，BDS与GPS定位精度结果基本相当，GPS/BDS组合可显著提升定位精度和稳定性。     

北斗实时精密轨道和钟差产品解算策略及精度评定

随着北斗卫星导航系统全球星座部署即将完成，其应用领域不断扩大，实时精密服务性能受到了极大关注。基于动力学精密定轨方法，设计了北斗卫星实时轨道、钟差算法流程和解算策略。利用不同频点信号，分别计算了BDS-2和BDS-3卫星的实时精密轨道和钟差，建立了完整的轨道和钟差精度评定方法，重点对解算的实时产品的精度进行了评定。结果表明：BDS-2和BDS-3实时精密轨道和钟差产品精度均可满足大部分实时用户的需求。对于B1IB3I频点，BDS-3 MEO卫星的实时轨道精度约为26cm，径向精度约为6cm，实时钟差精度约为0.45ns，且相较于BDS-2，性能更加稳定；对于B1CB2a频点，BDS-3 MEO卫星的实时轨道精度优于20cm，精度和稳定性较高。     

外弹道数据处理中航向角精确计算方法

针对国内靶场在外测事后数据处理中航向角计算存在的问题，深入分析了传统计算方法存在的缺陷，提出了两种新的航向角计算方法——坐标法和速度法，并提供了两种方法的算法和模型。在理论分析的基础上，采用实测数据对新旧三种方法比较分析，最后验证速度法是目标瞬时航向角最佳计算方法。