利用VLBI技术进行深空航天器跟踪的仿真分析

差分VLBI(D-VLBI)技术常用于测量航天器相对于参考射电源的角位置,用其跟踪深空航天器可取得足够高的精度。针对深空探测任务中D-VLBI技术的特性,提供了观测时间间隔的设置参考,通过仿真分析,研究了航天器和参考射电源之间的角距离、传播路径上的介质差异等因素及其对观测精度的影响,为后续深空航天器飞行任务的设计提供技术支持。     

Atmosphere sounding by GPS radio occultation: First results from TanDEM-X and comparison with TerraSAR-X

On 21 June 2010 the TerraSAR-X satellite was joined by the TanDEM-X satellite. A Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) experiment using the twin satellites has been carried out to estimate the precision of GPS atmospheric soundings. For the Day Of Year (DOY) 330–336, 2011, we analyze phase and amplitude data recorded by GPS receivers separated by a few hundred meters in a low earth orbit and derive collocated atmospheric refractivity profiles. In the altitude range 10–20 km the standard deviation between TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X refractivity does not exceed 0.15%. The standard deviation is rapidly increasing for lower and higher altitudes; close to the surface and at an altitude of 30 km the standard deviation reaches 0.8% and 0.5%, respectively. Systematic deviations between TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X refractivity in the considered altitude range (0–30 km) are negligible. The results confirm the anticipated high precision of the GPS RO technique. However, the difference in the retrieved refractivity in the lower troposphere for different Open Loop (OL) signal tracking parameters, altered onboard TanDEM-X for DOY 49–55, 2012, calls for an in depth analysis. At the moment we can not exclude that a potential bias in the OL Doppler model introduces a bias in our retrieved refractivity at altitudes <8$<8$ km.     

基于伪相关函数的BOC无模糊跟踪性能分析

BOC(Binary-Offset-Carrier)调制广泛应用于全球导航卫星系统中,但由于BOC自相关函数的多峰导致传统码跟踪环路存在模糊性。伪相关函数(Pseudo Correlation Function, PCF)方法在本地采用两个特殊的参考信号和非线性处理以获得无模糊的相关函数。根据一种PCF方法本地参考波形设计的充分条件,推导了其无模糊函数的数学形式,并着重分析了其跟踪和抗多径性能与本地参考波形的关系。仿真结果表明：该PCF方法解决了跟踪模糊问题,且随着参考信号的宽度因子增加,其跟踪精度逐步改善;该PCF方法对于中长延迟多径干扰抑制能力较好,宽度因子为0.5或1时,其多径误差最小。     

基于无奇异变换的卫星广播星历拟合算法

针对导航卫星轨道偏心率近似为0,致使卫星轨道的近地点角距定义模糊,在数据拟合过程中会导致法矩阵（H^TH）奇异的问题,本文提出基于无奇异变换的广播星历参数拟合算法,引入无奇异轨道根数代替经典开普勒根数,推导了空间目标位置矢量对基于无奇异轨道根数的广播星历参数偏导数矩阵,利用变换后的观测方程迭代拟合得到改进广播星历参数,再将结果归一化到基于开普勒根数的广播星历参数。最后利用仿真算例验证了所推公式和算法的合理性。     

GPS在气象火箭遥测跟踪上的应用

利用GPS全球定位系统、天线云台和宽波瓣天线组成的跟踪系统, 研究了接收位置信息与跟踪之间的时间差, 气象火箭理论弹道误差导致的中断跟踪,气象火箭探空仪分离后至初次定位前的跟踪, 天线云台转到359°位置后反转359°及跟踪过程中跟踪中断后的继续跟踪等关键问题,成功实现了气象火箭探空仪的遥测跟踪. 该跟踪系统在子午工程气象火箭试验中得到较好的应用, 此种跟踪方式相比传统雷达跟踪方式具有体积小、重量轻、操作简单、成本低、机动性强、跟踪可靠性强等诸多优点.      

单音干扰下扩频测控信号伪码跟踪性能研究

扩频测控信号的伪码跟踪性能直接关系到测控系统的测距精度。以伪码跟踪环中鉴相曲线平衡点的过零偏移为研究对象,推导了音频干扰条件下扩频测控信号伪码跟踪的干扰最大误差;并针对干扰最大误差需考虑具体鉴相算法的特点,提出基于相关曲线主瓣的二阶中心矩扩展因子的性能评价方法。该方法利用伪码相关曲线主瓣在干扰前后的畸变情况,反映干扰对伪码跟踪性能的影响。仿真分析表明,干扰最大误差的理论及仿真结果和二阶中心矩扩展因子所得结论一致,从而验证了干扰最大误差理论的正确性以及所提性能指标的有效性。     

Track-before-detect for Infrared Maneuvering Dim Multi-target via MM-PHD

In this paper, we present a novel and efficient track-before-detect (TBD) algorithm based on multiple-model probability hypothesis density (MM-PHD) for tracking infrared maneuvering dim multi-target. Firstly, the standard sequential Monte Carlo probability hypothesis density (SMC-PHD) TBD-based algorithm is introduced and sequentially improved by the adaptive process noise and the importance re-sampling on particle likelihood, which result in the improvement in the algorithm robustness and convergence speed. Secondly, backward recursion of SMC-PHD is derived in order to ameliorate the tracking performance especially at the time of the multi-target arising. Finally, SMC-PHD is extended with multiple-model to track maneuvering dim multi-target. Extensive experiments have proved the efficiency of the presented algorithm in tracking infrared maneuvering dim multi-target, which produces better performance in track detection and tracking than other TBD-based algorithms including SMC-PHD, multiple-model particle filter (MM-PF), histogram probability multi-hypothesis tracking (H-PMHT) and Viterbi-like.     

QStrobe:一种高阶BOC卫星导航信号的无模糊多径抑制算法

二进制偏移子载波(BOC)技术是为解决有限导航频谱资源复用提出的调制技术,BOC信号相关峰的旁瓣导致传统超前减滞后延迟锁定环(DLL)出现跟踪模糊且不利于多径抑制。提出了一种将QBOC旁瓣消除技术与BPSK信号的Strobe抗多径技术相结合的QStrobe算法解决高子载波调制阶数的BOC信号无模糊抗多径问题。利用本地构造的QBOC信号去除相关峰旁瓣,再利用两组不同间隔超前/滞后码的线性组合构造仅有唯一稳定点,且控制延迟误差响应幅度的码跟踪鉴别曲线,实现无模糊的多径抑制。BOC(15, 2.5)与BOC(14, 2)信号的仿真试验结果表明,QStrobe算法消除了传统超前/滞后DLL的跟踪模糊,比QBOC超前/滞后DLL的6dB衰减多径误差包络面积分别改善51%和70%。     

Designing method of acceleration and deceleration control schedule for variable cycle engine

Studies show that different geometries of a Variable Cycle Engine (VCE) can be adjusted during the transient stage of the engine operation to improve the engine performance. However, this improvement increases the complexity of the acceleration and deceleration control schedule. In order to resolve this problem, the Transient-state Reverse Method (TRM) is established in the present study based on the Steady-state Reverse Method (SRM) and the Virtual Power Extraction Method (VPEM). The state factors in the component-based engine performance models are replaced by variable geometry parameters to establish the TRM for a double bypass VCE. Obtained results are compared with the conventional component-based model from different aspects, including the accuracy and the convergence rate. The TRM is then employed to optimize the control schedule of a VCE. Obtained results show that the accuracy and the convergence rate of the proposed method are consistent with that of the conventional model. On the other hand, it is found that the new-model-optimized control schedules reduce the acceleration and deceleration time by 45% and 54%, respectively. Meanwhile, the surge margin of compressors, fuel–air ratio and the turbine inlet temperature maintained are within the acceptable criteria. It is concluded that the proposed TRM is a powerful method to design the acceleration and deceleration control schedule of the VCE.     

一种用于空间群目标分辨的滑动窗轨迹跟踪算法

针对大多数现有的微多普勒分析理论难以解决空间群目标的监测与识别问题,本文提出一种基于提取目标运动特征的弹道中段群目标分辨方法。首先建立了多个具有滑动散射中心的旋转对称目标模型并得到其m-D曲线,在此基础上,利用形态学图像处理方法抑制一维距离像旁瓣,然后提出了一种滑动窗轨迹跟踪的方法分离出各散射点相互交叉的m-D曲线,再对分离结果进行经验模式分解(Empirical-Mode Decomposition, EMD),最后通过提取能够反映目标运动特征的固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function ,IMF),实现了群目标分辨。仿真实验校验了所提方法的可行性和鲁棒性。