呈正、负压强指数的复合固体推进剂稳态燃烧模型

通过X光电子能谱和扫描电镜对推进剂和过氯酸铵-粘合剂的多层夹心件之熄火样品的观察,研究了在复合推进剂的燃烧中,压强和添加剂CaCO_3对过氯酸铵被熔化粘合剂覆盖的面积分数(γ)和过氯酸铵的凝相反应分数(G)的影响。在作者已提出的“两区模型”的基础上,发展了一个新的“统一模型”(UM)。该“统一模型”是一个进一步考虑了熔化粘合剂的覆盖,在覆盖下存在反向气化和受燃速调节剂(例如CaCO_3)控制的凝相反应的理论模型。为了计及过氯酸铵颗粒尺寸的分布,像PEM模型一样,统计的方法也被引入了本模型。本模型不仅能用来分析初温、过氯酸铵颗粒尺寸及其分布对燃烧特性的影响,而且可以用来解释平台、麦撤和常规的燃烧特性。同时,本模型还能够成为研究包括负压力指数在内之固体复合推进剂的侵蚀燃烧与燃烧不稳定性研究的基础。     

GHz铁氧体电磁波吸收材料的研究

鉴于民用吸波材料市场的日益增加，用传统粉末冶金的方法制备了铁氧体吸收剂粉体，并测定了其内禀磁性能和电磁参数。采用吸收剂粉体与氯化聚乙烯复合的方法轧制出不同厚度的胶板，测定了10MHz～1．8GHz电磁波吸收性能及厚度的影响，复合胶板在400MHz～1．8GHz频段显示良好的吸收性能。降低吸收剂粉体的填充率有利于展宽频带，复合胶板在2GHz～10GHz频带的测试结果表明，反射系数小于-5dB的带宽达到3．6GHz，对应吸收率大于70％。样品的吸波性能已经具有一定的实用性。     

Search for methane on Mars: Observations,interpretation and future work

The detection of methane on Mars has been reported by three different teams in 2004. Two of them used ground-based high-resolution spectroscopy in the near infrared range. The third one used the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer aboard Mars Express. Among the data sets, two of them reported a mean CH₄ mixing ratio of 10 ppb. However, these are marginal detections, which should be considered as tentative. The third (ground-based) data set, unpublished so far, seems to show evidence for strong localized sources of CH₄, corresponding to mixing ratios as high as 250 ppb in some cases. However, the high values reported in 2003 were not confirmed by subsequent observations performed by the PFS instrument in 2004. In the absence of a refereed publication, it is difficult to judge if the high values are indeed correct. Assuming that they are, the lack of their confirmation by the PFS could have several explanations, including, among others, localized transient vents, or time variations in the methane destruction rate. A biogenic source was first suggested for the martian methane. However, later studies showed that an abiotic source such as hydrogeology can be just as effective. Further dedicated observations are obviously needed to firm up the detection and distribution of methane on Mars.     

Chandra imaging spectroscopy of the central region of AWM7

We report on the results of Chandra observations of the galaxy cluster AWM7. The ACIS image reveals new substructures with a spatial extent of more than 8″ (4 kpc at AWM7) near the cD galaxy center, represented by a hard sub-peak and a soft peak. These substructures suggest that a dynamical process related to the formation of the cD galaxy is now taking place. Inside the cluster core within a radius of 2′, annular spectra with every 10″ step are fitted well by single temperature models. The temperature gradually drops from 4.2 keV at a radius of 60 kpc (2′) to 1.8 keV at the cluster center. The radial abundance profile shows a gradient with a peak metallicity of 1.5 solar at a radius of about 15″ (7 kpc). A two-dimensional map shows two high metallicity blob-like regions, which may be the gas expelled from the cD galaxy.     

Differential emission measure distributions in X-ray solar flares

X-ray spectrometer RESIK has observed spectra in the four wavelength bands from 3.3 Å to 6.1 Å. This spectral range contains many emission lines of H- and He-like ions for Si, S, Ar and K. These lines are formed in plasma of coronal temperatures (T > 3 MK). Analysis of their intensities allows studying differential emission measure distributions (DEM) in temperature range roughly between 3 MK and 30 MK. The aim of present study was to check whether any relationship exists between the character of DEM distribution, the event phase and the X-ray flare class. To do this we have calculated and analyzed the DEM distributions for a set of flares belonging to different GOES classes from the range B5.6–X1. The DEM distributions have been calculated using “Withbroe–Sylwester” multiplicative, maximum likelihood iterative algorithm. As the input data we have used absolute fluxes observed by RESIK in several spectral bands (lines + continuum). Respective emission functions have been calculated using the CHIANTI v. 5.2 atomic data package.     

空间等离子体云的回旋同步辐射

CME在行星际空间传播时, 会导致强磁场、高密度等离子体云的出现. 回旋同步辐射是此类等离子体的一种主要的射电辐射机制, 且携带行星际磁场的重要信息. 本文重点探讨了光深τν ≤1时回旋同步辐射的发射、吸收及极化特性, 包括热电子、非热电子, 投掷角各向同性、投掷角各向异性等离子体云的回旋同步辐射过程的研究分析. 在此基础上, 推导了考虑折射指数情况下, 辐射强度、辐射亮温的表达式.      

机载电子电气设备缓蚀剂的评价

采用塔菲尔(Tafel)曲线法和电化学阻抗法(EIS)2种电化学方法评价了 4种不同型号的电子电气缓蚀剂在天然海水中对 T2铜合金、H62铜合金以及 2Al2-T4铝合金的缓蚀效果。对于 T2铜合金,缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率从高至低依次为 DZ-1、TFHS-20、DJB-823、WD-40;对于 H62铜合金,缓蚀效率从高至低依次为 DZ-1、DJB-823、WD-40、 TFHS-20;对于 2Al2-T4铝合金,缓蚀效率从高至低依次为 DZ-1、WD-40、DJB-823、TFHS-20。4种缓蚀剂中,DZ-1缓蚀剂 Tafel曲线法和 EIS法得到的缓蚀效率都高于 99.5%,所以,对于 T2铜合金、H62铜合金以及 2Al2-T4铝合金 3种金属材料来说,DZ-1是 4个型号的缓蚀剂中效果最优的。     

高温气体LTE模型参数计算方法及其在非平衡电弧射流状态诊断中的应用研究

运用统计力学的方法建立了高温氮氧氩混合气体LYE模型参数计算方法及标准程序(压力：10Pa～10^7Pa、温度：3000K～30000K)，这在国内是没有的。在此基础上，建立了高温气体LYE模型参数测量方法，对电弧等离子体射流的非平衡性质进行了检验，结果表明：电流80A、压力0．027MPa下，亚音速氩射流中心是LYE的，中心之外非平衡效应显著，偏离LYE、但是PLTE的，LYE温度与电子温度相差最大达3000K；电流70A、压力0．00149MPa下，超音速氩射流非平衡效应非常显著，LTE模型温度与电子温度相差最大达5000多K。     

利用辐射光谱法开展发动机燃烧火焰参数在线测量

针对发动机高温燃烧火焰参数非接触式在线原位测量难题,提出了基于火焰辐射光谱(radiation spectroscopy, RS)的火焰参数在线测量方法,采用光纤光谱仪搭建了发动机燃烧火焰参数在线测量系统,并利用黑体炉对光谱仪电荷耦合元件(charge-coupled device, CCD)波长响应特性进行了标定.之后,应用该系统获得了火箭基组合循环(rocket based combined cycle, RBCC)发动机地面试验高温燃烧火焰200~1100nm波段辐射光谱,结合普朗克定律与最小二乘法,实现了火焰温度与辐射率参数的在线测量,为发动机燃烧诊断与优化提供了直接数据支撑.      

高光谱遥感成像技术的发展与展望

地表形态和目标特性是空间对地遥感的两个重要问题.经过近40年的发展,高光谱遥感技术已取得了巨大的进展,从数据获取、处理到应用都积累了大量成果.作为涉及多学科交叉的年轻学科,高光谱遥感技术的发展经历了一个以需求为导向,在发展中又不断探索完善需求的历程.高光谱成像仪作为获取目标图谱数据的重要仪器,其发展对于整个高光谱遥感的...