Multilevel Tests and Measurement Evaluation Methods for the Application of Composite Materials in Spacecraft Structures

With the implementation of new-generation launch vehicles, space stations, lunar and deep space exploration, etc., the development of spacecraft structures will face new challenges. In order to reduce the spacecraft weight and increase the payload, composite material structures will be widely used. It is difficult to evaluate the strength and life of composite materials due to their complex mechanism and various phenomena in damage and failure. Meanwhile, the structures of composite materials used in spacecrafts will bear complex loads, including the coupling loads of tension, pressure, bending, shear, and torsion. Static loads, thermal loads, and vibration loads may occur at the same time, which asks for verification requirements to ensure the structure safety. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a systematic multi-level experimental study. In this paper, the building block approach (BBA) is used to investigate the multilevel composite material structures for spacecrafts. The advanced measurement technology is adopted based on digital image correlation (DIC) and piezoelectric and optical fiber sensors to measure the composite material structure deformation. The virtual experiment technology is applied to provide sufficient and reliable data for the evaluation of the composite material structures of spacecrafts.     

基于相推法的空间光载射频链路绝对延时测量

空间光载射频链路利用空间光链路实现射频信号的传输.由于采用大气信道传输光载射频信号,链路绝对延时受到大气湍流和温度等因素影响,产生延时抖动.本文采用相推法对1 km空间光载射频链路的绝对延时进行了高精度测量,测量结果与理论模型吻合,测量精度优于0.1 ps.该测量方法采用电光调制和射频鉴相实现了链路绝对延时测量,与光载...     

Influence of measure-density on combustor characteristics

The apparatus of scan measurement was used to gather the temperature pattern at the combustor outlet,where the average working temperature of gas was about 1700Kand the maximum temperature was about 1 950K.Consequently,the measurement part was cooled by water or air.Usually,for intermittent measurement devices,the interval of circle angel could be changed to get a high-density temperature distribution.A continuous measurement manner was adopted to get point in circle.The angle between two measurepoints was 1.286°.The annular combustor outlet was about 40to 50mm in height,where 5or 6measure points were usually arranged.In this device,10measure points were arranged in a range of 45.5mm.Four thermocouples were arranged in circle to obtain 2 800measure-points of the temperature field in a single experiment.Data were drawn from the whole datasheet at intervals.Each group of data whose number decreased in turn,included temperature points of 2 800,1 400,700,and 350,respectively.Several groups of temperature distributions with different densities were established.Subsequently,data processing was conducted to calculate the main combustor characteristics,including arithmetic or integral average temperature,OTDF(overall temperature distribution factor)and RTDF(radial temperature distribution factor).It is found that the data from different groups with different measuring densities result in significant difference on the combustor characteristics.The veracity of temperature characteristics increases with the growing measure-density.     

取样密度对燃烧室试验测量结果的影响

在航空发动机和燃气轮机燃烧室部件试验中,取样密度会对燃烧室出口温度测量结果产生影响,如果取样密度过小,会造成燃烧室出口温度测量值与"实际值"之间偏离度过大。基于此,对3种燃烧室的试验数据进行了分析。同时将试验采集到的"高取样密度"的原始数据沿圆周方向进行均匀"拆分","拆分后"得到不同密度的"低取样密度"数据,将该数据与原始"高取样密度"试验数据的分析结果进行了对比,得出了取样密度与测量偏离度之间的关系,并给出了满足工程研制需要的取样密度。     

阶跃型边界平面干涉测量技术

为完成复杂平面样板的测量,提出了一种循环单纯形边缘特征提取及种子填充的数字图像处理技术,解决了复杂平面样板相位复原的问题;应用波长合成技术和小数重合法在相位偏移干涉系统中实现了阶跃型边界平面样板的干涉级次整数部分及小数的测量。在实验中对两种阶跃型平面样板测量的重复性达到了10nm,将其测量结果和三维纳米测量机的测量结果进行了比较,两种仪器测量数据最大偏差8 nm。分析了实验数据的可靠性以及两种测量仪器的优缺点,为复杂平面样板的测量提供了一种新的思路。     

VGStudio MAX2.0软件在CT图像三维重建中的应用

为发展和应用工业CT测量技术,提高航空零部件无损检测质量,我们在现有工业CT机二维计算机层析的基础上,使用三维重建专业软件VGStudio MAX 2.0,对被检工件的系列二维CT图进行重建,得到三维数据模型。计算机重建的工件可以实现更高级的几何显示功能、结构复杂部位的尺寸测量以及缺陷的检测分析,让人们对产品的整体结构和质量有更为全面、深刻的了解。     

欠观测条件下的扩展增量 Kalman 滤波方法

建立欠观测条件下的非线性增量量测方程,并给出其线性化方法,在此基础上提出一种欠观测条件下的扩展增量Kalman滤波(EIKF)模型及其递推算法.工程实际中,由于环境因素的影响、测量设备的不稳定性等原因往往带来未知的系统误差,传统的扩展Kalman滤波(EKF)无法对这种未知的系统误差进行补偿和校正,结果产生较大的滤波误差,甚至导致发散.提出的扩展增量Kalman滤波方法能够成功地消除测量的系统误差,从而有效地提高非线性滤波的精度.该方法计算简单,便于工程应用.      

水滴撞击特性参数的动态图像测量方法

以染色法为基本原理,实验采集试件表面不同位置的染色过程视频.通过对视频数据的分析获取试件表面色度随时间增长的时序信号.实验过程可以划分为欠饱和区、平衡区和过饱和区.平衡区的比色值分布即为局部水收集系数分布的归一化结果.通过比色积分曲线的极限行为确定水滴撞击极限和总收集系数与最大局部水收集系数的比值.将实验结果与数值仿真结果和NASA(美国国家航空航天局)实验结果对比表明:水滴撞击特性参数与动态视频图像的RGB(rad-green-blue)色度空间可以建立较好的关联,实验重复性误差率小于±15%;水滴撞击特性参数之间存在内在关联.      

半模机翼振动对气动性能影响的风洞试验研究

为了验证翼型振动测压试验结果和有关振动数值模拟文献的计算结果,设计完成了对称翼型NA-CA0012和层流翼型NACA64-210两种半模机翼的低速风洞振动试验。通过专门研制的半模振动模型,选取5种激振方式,用直接测力法得到了模型在静态和不同激振方式下升力特性变化曲线,分别研究了振动频率、雷诺数、自然转捩和固定转捩、数据采集方式等参数对机翼气动特性的影响。试验结果表明：半模机翼振动的气动特性与二元翼型和数值计算情况有所不同,其影响因不同翼型构型、不同采集方式和翼面不同流动模式等会产生不同效果。并对产生原因进行初步探讨。     

无迹增量滤波方法

提出无迹增量滤波(UIF)的概念,建立一般无迹增量滤波模型及其分析方法,并对具有加性噪声的无迹增量滤波进行了详细讨论,给出其递推算法.在工程实际中,由于环境因素的影响、测量设备的不稳定性、模型和参数的选取不当等原因往往带来未知的系统误差.在这种情况下,传统的无迹Kalman滤波方法(UKF)在递推过程中会产生较大误差,甚至导致发散.提出的无迹增量滤波方法能够成功消除这种未知的系统误差,提高滤波的精度.该方法计算简单,便于工程应用.