粒子侵蚀问题的研究

固体火箭发动机排出的高温、高速燃气对热防护材料有很大的侵蚀作用,特别是燃气中的氧化铝粒子对材料的侵蚀起主要作用。为此,本文对粒子侵蚀问题做了理论分析和实验研究;提供了一个用以计算粒子侵蚀速度的方法和公式。最后的算例表明,此方法可行,并具有足够的精度。     

Impact of erosion testing aspects on current and future flight conditions

High speed of aero vehicles including commercial and military aircraft, missiles, unmanned air vehicles, as well as conceptual aircraft of the future are imposing larger restrictions on the materials of these vehicles and highlight the importance of adequate quantification of material behavior and performance during different flight conditions. Erosion due to weather conditions and other present particles such as hydrometeors; rain, hail and ice, as well as sand, volcanic ash and dust resulting from residues in the atmosphere are eminent as hazardous on the structure of a flying vehicle and may adversely influence the lifecycle of the structure. This study outlines an extensive review of research efforts on erosion in aviation and provides a basis for comparison between different apparatus simulating rain erosion and their usage within the aerospace industry. The significant aspects of erosion testing and future prospects for erosion impact are further addressed for forthcoming generations of flying vehicles.     

半潜入喷管收敛段碳/酚醛材料烧蚀特性

采用流固热耦合数值方法,以及Abaqus的ALE（arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian,任意拉格朗日欧拉方法）自适应网格技术,对位于半潜入喷管收敛段的碳/酚醛的烧蚀现象进行了预估,与试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:在收敛段,Al/Al₂O₃液滴或颗粒对材料的传热烧蚀起到了关键作用,当气流与材料表面平行时,液滴或颗粒的影响很小;从碳/酚醛热分解角度出发,基于完全碳化即被剥蚀的假设,基本能够预估碳/酚醛材料的烧蚀特征,烧蚀速率大约为0.3 mm/s;后效碳化对材料碳化过程的影响明显,发动机工作期间,分解层的厚度大约为2.0 mm,考虑后效作用,分解层厚度可能会增加至4.0 mm左右;与喉衬接触的材料区域,喉衬的传热会明显加剧材料的碳化过程。      

HGB 含量对SiO2 / PF 复合材料性能的影响

采用模压成型复合材料层压板工艺,制备了HGB 质量分数分别为0、3%、5%、10%的SiO2 / PF 复 合材料,研究了HGB 含量对其密度、热物理、烧蚀及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,HGB 加入可降低SiO2 / PF 密度,提高耐热、耐烧蚀及其力学性能。当HGB 含量为5wt% 时,体系密度为1. 634 g/ cm3;23℃ 时cp 从 1． 062 提高到1. 137 J/ ( g·K),950℃ 时,质量保留率为82. 08%;线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为91 μm/ s 和 66． 9 μg/ s,降低了35. 9% 和20. 1%;拉伸、弯曲和剪切强度分别提高了12. 86%、21. 50%和7. 80%。     

Integration of artificial intelligence with meta classifiers for the gully erosion susceptibility assessment in Hinglo river basin,Eastern India

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the gully erosion susceptibility coupling the artificial intelligence and machine learning ensemble approaches. In the present study, the multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) was used as the base classifier and the hybrid ensemble machine learning methods i.e. Bagging and Dagging were used as the functional classifiers. The Hinglo river basin, an important tributary of the Ajay River was selected as the study area, consists with the parts of Chhotonagpur plateau and Rarh lateritic region. The study area is facing the gully erosion problems which are interrupted the growth of the agriculture. The gully erosion susceptibility maps (GESMs), prepared by MLP, MLP-Bagging and MLP-Dagging were classified into four classes such as low, moderate, high and very high susceptibility classes with the help of natural break method (NBM) in GIS environment. The very high susceptibility class covered 19.41% (MLP), 13.52% (MLP-Bagging) and 15.30% (MLP-Dagging) areas of the basin. For the evaluation and comparison of the models, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), accuracy, mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) were applied. Overall, all the gully erosion susceptibility models were performed as excellent. Integration of hybrid ensemble models with MLP has increase the accuracy of the MLP models. Among these models MLP-Dagging has achieved the highest accuracy in compare to the other models. The importance of the selected factors in the present study was assessed by the Relief-F method. The results show that the soil type factor has the highest predictive performance. Sensitivity analysis also showed soil type as most important factor. The gully erosion susceptibility maps (GESMs) are considered as the efficient tool which could be used to take the necessary steps for mitigating and controlling the soil erosion problem and sustainable environmental management and development.     

基于均匀设计的钛合金化铣工艺研究与应用

化学铣切是一种能使表面形状复杂、加工精度要求高的零件达到加工要求的表面处理方法.简要介绍了钛合金化学铣切的工艺方法,阐述了化学铣切的反应机理,并在均匀设计试验的基础上讨论了化学铣切温度和溶液配方对钛合金产品化学铣切质量的影响.通过实验数据回归分析确定了最优的化学铣切工艺方案,分析表明验证结果与理论是相符的,可应用于实际生产.     

Creating Habitable Zones, at all Scales, from Planets to Mud Micro-Habitats, on Earth and on Mars

The factors that create a habitable planet are considered at all scales, from planetary inventories to micro-habitats in soft sediments and intangibles such as habitat linkage. The possibility of habitability first comes about during accretion, as a product of the processes of impact and volatile inventory history. To create habitability water is essential, not only for life but to aid the continual tectonic reworking and erosion that supply key redox contrasts and biochemical substrates to sustain habitability. Mud or soft sediment may be a biochemical prerequisite, to provide accessible substrate and protection. Once life begins, the habitat is widened by the activity of life, both by its management of the greenhouse and by partitioning reductants (e.g. dead organic matter) and oxidants (including waste products). Potential Martian habitats are discussed: by comparison with Earth there are many potential environmental settings on Mars in which life may once have occurred, or may even continue to exist. The long-term evolution of habitability in the Solar System is considered.     

烧蚀材料的热分解动力学研究

用热重分析技术研究了３种烧蚀材料的热失重信息，分别用直接法和差减微分法确定了其分解动力学参数，并以ＣａＣＯ３火已动力学参数的标准物对这２种方法作了标定。     

电弧推力器流场的数值计算

在流体计算软件fluent的微分方程中加入电磁项,可以计算电磁场作用下的流场。本文介绍了电弧推力器的理论模型,计算了电弧流场,并将计算结果和试验数据进行比较。分析了欧姆加热对提高工质气体比冲、降低推进剂消耗的作用,并根据流场温度分布,估计了电弧对电极的热烧蚀情况,提出了相应的解决方案。     

烧蚀外形计算的一种自动调节人工粘性项的差分格式

在再入端头烧蚀外形计算中,通过对物形参数的自动滤波处理,构造出了一种附加人工粘性项三层显式差分格式。这种格式在外形变化波动区达一阶精度,在外形变化平稳区达二阶精度。数值试验表明,这种格式在保障外形计算精度和增大时间步长、节省计算机时都是有效的。