Depeaking – economic optimization of air traffic systems

More than half of all flights in and out of Frankfurt International Airport are conducted by Lufthansa airlines, as it is one of their two major hubs. The so called hub and spokes systems allow airlines to bundle major passenger flows via connecting flights across the in- and outbound traffic. The reliability of these transfer connections, and specifically the arrival punctuality at the hub airports are crucial to the economics of the daily operation.Since Frankfurt International Airport has lately been one of the most congested airports in Europe, delays (in particular arrival delays) have increased quite significantly throughout the last years. To compensate for additional queueing time in the arrival processes, the scheduled block times inbound Frankfurt were continuously adjusted upwardly keeping the arrival punctuality (and thereby the connection reliability) close to stable. The two disadvantages of this approach have been the decrease in aircraft productivity and over-deliveries in peak hours, which in turn induce either additional block time delay or ground delay programs inbound Frankfurt.This paper introduces an iterative stochastic-simulation approach that models the vicious circle of lengthening block times and increased over-deliveries. In a second step it quantifies the operational and economical effects of depeaking the schedule and illustrates the overall growth potentials for the depeaked operation of the airport. The schedule was successfully implemented in Frankfurt in summer 2004.     

电子束熔化成形Ti-6Al-4V钛合金研究进展和应用现状

电子束熔化成形技术(EBM)具有成形速度快、能量利用率高和真空环境无污染等优点,适合于Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的制备,在航空航天、生物医疗等领域得到广泛应用。然而,EBM成形Ti-6Al-4V钛合金构件仍然存在的内部孔隙、粗糙的表面和残余拉应力等缺陷,严重影响了成形件的疲劳性能。通过工艺参数的优化及后处理工艺,如热等静压和表面处理等,可以显著改善EBM成形件的疲劳性能。综述了EBM成形Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的成形工艺、微观组织、力学性能和典型的应用现状。重点讨论了影响疲劳性能的因素,并总结了一些提高疲劳性能的后处理方法。最后对EBM技术未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

一种氧杂蒽酮类海洋抗污损天然产物振动光谱的理论研究

基于 Gaussian 09W软件包,采用 DFT-B3LYP方法,研究了 1种来源于红树林未知真菌的海洋抗污损天然产物——6,8-di-O-methyl versiconol。先用 3-21G基组,再用 6-311G基组计算了分子的最稳定构型及其前线分子轨道分布。分析稳定构型发现,以蒽二酮为主体的分子是 1个三维非平面的结构,并且分子内部形成了 1个大的 π共轭体系。在最稳定构型的基础上,用同样的理论方法和 6-311G基组计算了该分子的红外振动频率及拉曼光谱频率,根据红外和拉曼光谱的振动频率特点,将红外光谱和拉曼光谱分成 3个区域,讨论了 2种光谱在各区域的特征峰的位置、振动特点、振动模式等,为氧杂蒽酮类海洋抗污损天然产物分子的振动光谱检测和分子结构的鉴定,提供了光谱解析方面的理论依据。     

Impact of emissions from anthropogenic sources on satellite-derived reflectance

The present study deals with the impact of extensive anthropogenic activities associated with festivities and agricultural crop residues burning in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) on satellite-derived reflectance during November 2007. Intense smoke plumes were observed in the IRS-P4 OCM satellite data over IGP associated with agricultural crop residue burning during the study period. Terra-MODIS AOD and CALIPSO LIDAR backscatter datasets were analysed over the region to understand the spatial and temporal variation of the aerosol properties. Ground-based measurements on aerosol optical properties and black carbon (BC) mass concentration were carried out during 7–14 November 2007 over urban region of Hyderabad, India. Top of the Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance estimated from IRS-P4 Ocean Color Monitor (OCM) data showed large variations due to anthropogenic activities associated with crop residue burning and fireworks. Atmospheric corrections to OCM satellite data using 6S radiative transfer code with inputs from ground and satellite measurements could account for the variations due to differential aerosol loading. Results are discussed in this paper.     

H6D天线罩成型模设计及数控加工

介绍H6D雷达天线罩成型模的设计思想、数控加工工艺及程序编制过程中典型问题的处理方法。     

PBO合成、纺丝和性能的研究

以间苯二酚为原料，合成了单体4，6-二氨基间苯二酚二盐酸盐，在多聚磷酸介质中经溶液缩聚，制得高分子量的聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑（PBO），再由干喷湿纺工艺制备了PBO纤维，并对纤维成型工艺以及热处理条件进行了研究。结果表明，PBO纤维的拉伸强度为4．31GPa、拉伸模量为117．24GPa，它是一种高性能的刚性溶致性液晶高分子材料。     

TC4合金等温成形过程模拟与组织预测

在试验研究的基础上，建立了能够反映锻造热力参数对材料成形性能影响的新型本构方程，并采用变形与传热耦合分析的刚塑性有限元数值模拟方法，全面系统地研究了TC4合金的等温成形过程，基于建立的该合金动态再结晶组织的演化模型，定量地预测了等温成形过程中TC4合金微观组织的演变情况，并分析讨论了工艺参数合金微观组织演变过程的影响，从而为TC4合金热成形工艺参数的优化设计和控制提供了基础。     

TC4合金的新型本构关系

通过热态模拟试验 ,系统地研究了主要锻造热力参数 (变形速度、变形温度、变形程度 )与 TC4合金流动应力、微观组织之间的数值关系 ,采用数理统计原理 ,科学地分析并回归出了能综合反映锻造热力参数和微观组织演化过程对材料成形性能影响的本构方程 ,定性地探讨了各热力参数对 TC4合金组织和性能的影响规律 ,为TC4合金锻造过程的数值模拟和锻造热力参数的合理制订与控制提供了基础。     

自适应阻抗控制在广义主动加载中的应用

 以并联六自由度机构为对象,研究了阻抗控制在广义主动加载中的应用。推导了并联六自由度机构广义力、单缸力和单缸位移之间的阻抗控制数学模型,并分析了稳态误差影响因素;设计了符合现有实验条件的模型参考自适应阻抗控制器(MRAC),该控制器仅通过广义力反馈、单缸力反馈即可实现控制参数的在线修正,并由六自由度机构单缸位移反馈构成闭环控制系统。比较自适应阻抗力控制器和经典力控制器进行了广义主动加载仿真,结果表明所设计的控制器提高了系统动态响应能力,对环境刚度变化鲁棒性强,可以实现实验室条件下广义力的精确稳定跟踪。