Comparison of ground reflectance measurement with satellite derived atmospherically corrected reflectance: A case study over semi-arid landscape

Atmospheric corrections to satellite data are important for comparing multitemporal data sets over tropical regions with variable aerosol loading. In this study, we evaluated the potential of 6S radiative transfer model for atmospheric corrections of IRS-P6 AWiFS satellite data sets, in a semi-arid landscape. Ground measurements of surface reflectance representing different land use/land cover categories were conducted to relate IRS-P6 AWiFS top of atmospheric reflectance. The 6S radiative transfer model was calibrated for local conditions using ground measurements for aerosol optical depth, water vapor and ozone with a sun photometer. Surface reflectance retrieved from 6S code was compared with top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance and ground based spectroradiometer measurements. Accurate parameterization of the 6S model using measurements of aerosol optical depth, water vapor and ozone plays an important role while comparing ground and satellite derived reflectance measurements.     

An inversion approach for lunar regolith layer thickness using optical albedo data and microwave emission simulation

An approach to inversion of the lunar regolith layer thickness by using multi-channel brightness temperature observation in passive microwave remote sensing is developed. To first make simulation of brightness temperature from the lunar layered media, the lunar regolith layer thickness (d) is proposed being constructed by available lunar DEM (digital elevation mapping) and on site measurements. The physical temperature distribution (T) over the lunar surface is also empirically assumed as a monotonic function of the latitude. Optical albedo of the lunar nearside from the telescopic observation is employed to construct the spatial distribution of the FeO+TiO₂ content (S) in the lunar regolith layer. A statistic relationship between the DEM and S of the lunar nearside is further extended to construction of S of the lunar farside. Thus, the dielectric permittivity (ε) of global lunar regolith layer can then be determined. Based on all these conditions (d,T,ε), brightness temperature of the lunar regolith layer in passive microwave remote sensing, which is planned for China's Chang-E lunar project, is numerically simulated by a parallel layering model using the strong fluctuation theory of random media.Then, taking these simulations with random noise as observations, an inversion method of the lunar regolith layer thickness is developed by using three- or two-channels brightness temperatures. When the S is low, and the four channels brightness temperatures in China's Chang-E project are well distinguishable, the regolith layer thickness and physical temperature of the underlying lunar rock media can be inverted by the three-channels approach. When the S becomes high that the brightness temperature at high frequency channels such as 19.35, 37 GHz are saturated, the regolith layer thickness is alternatively inverted only by the two-channels approach.Numerical simulation and inversion approach in this paper make an evaluation of the performance for lunar passive microwave remote sensing, and for future data calibration and validation.     

初始投放条件对内埋式导弹分离轨迹的影响

采用有限体积法对欧拉方程进行离散,耦合求解六自由度运动方程,运用非结构动网格技术计算了导弹在三种不同初始条件下从三维开式弹穴中投放后的分离轨迹和姿态变化情况,分析了各种现象产生的原因,给出了较为理想的内埋式导弹发射方式。     

移动IPv6切换性能研究及平滑切换框架的实现

现有IPv4网络的IP地址空间、安全性和服务质量控制等问题,限制了Internet应用的发展,研究IPv6的相关技术,可以推动下一代网络的建设和发展.针对移动IPv6在切换过程中出现的数据包丢失和切换延迟问题,分析了相关的快速、平滑切换和分级管理3种解决方案,并结合IETF草案文档建议,设计实现了一个基于MIPL(Mobile Ipv6 for Linux)的、具有平滑切换性能的移动IPv6切换框架.框架采用将切换过程和缓存管理相分离的松耦合模式,可有效地增强应用系统的可扩展性和可移植性,为基于移动IPv6网络的实时应用系统信息的可靠传输提供一种有效途径.     

并联六自由度仿真平台完全可达空间研究

研究并联六自由度仿真平台完全可达空间。分析了动平台位姿改变时各液压缸位移的变化情况及其与完全可达空间的关系，在此基础上提出基于运动特征的完全可达空间快速搜索算法，该算法首先将搜索范围限制在可达空间外轮廓附近，并利用极角为零处液压缸位移变化特征快速找到外轮廓的搜索起点，大大缩小搜索范围，提高搜索效率，可快速得到动平台运动极限位置的包络面。以实验室平台为实例，利用该算法绘制出并联六自由度平台的完全可达空间图形。最后，仿真分析了平台完全可达空间与其结构参数间的关系，为平台的设计和优化提供参考。     

氮气油雾介质下Ti-6Al-4V钛合金高速铣削试验研究

通过以氮气油雾作为切削介质的切削方法,应用硬质合金刀具对T i-6A l-4V钛合金材料进行了高速铣削试验,分析了铣削过程中的切屑形成、刀具磨损、已加工表面粗糙度等因素的变化。对氮气油雾介质下的钛合金高速铣削机理进行了探讨,同时通过氮气油雾介质、空气油雾介质以及干切削状况下的钛合金高速铣削对比试验,证明了以氮气油雾为切削介质进行钛合金高速铣削的可行性。研究结果表明,与空气油雾介质及干切削相比,氮气油雾介质下的钛合金切屑表面较为平整,刀具磨损与已加工表面粗糙度均相对较低。利用氮气油雾作为切削介质,是实现钛合金绿色高速切削加工的有效方法。     

LiXAlF6:xCe3+(X=Ca,Sr,Ba)的发光研究

光激励发光材料一直是人们竞争研究的对象。为在较短的时间内在发光中心存储更多的电子，要寻找一种荧光材料作为光激励发光材料的增感材料，使光激励发光材料敏化，从而提高光激励发光强度，这是提高激发光源利用率的最佳途径。通过对用紫外光源作激发源的光激励发光材料发光机理的研究，确定在紫外波段靠近短波方向的光可能使这种光激励发光材料敏化。Ce^3＋在氟化物体系中的发射通常位于紫外波段，对Ce^3＋掺杂浓度为x的LiXAlF6：xCe^3＋（X=Ca，Sr，Ba，x=0．002～0．012mol）一系列荧光材料作了研究，研究其发光是否在紫外波段，哪种基质更适合需要。采用高温固相法制备，研究该3种化合物的发射光谱及发射光谱随Ce^3＋掺杂浓度的变化。结果找到了最有可能作为用紫外光源作激发源的光激励发光材料的最佳Ce^3＋掺杂浓度的基质LiBaAlF6：xCe^3＋（x=0．010mol）。     

KM6水平舱环境控制系统

为满足中国载人航天的需求,研制了可进行人-船-服联合试验的大型空间环境模拟设备——KM6水平舱。文章介绍了该模拟设备的环境控制系统。它有两大功能:一是为舱内参试人员提供气体和应急救生用气;二是控制试验环境,包括对各种环境参数的控制,如控制舱内温度、湿度、压力、局部氧气压力,清除舱内气态污染物。在对水平舱减压时,不仅要注意每一项参数的控制稳定性,还要注意对所有参数的整体控制,因为这些参数是互相关联的。为了研究这些参数之间的关系,对该舱建立了数学模型,得出了不同边界条件下的最优控制方案。     

量化六自由度并联机构工作空间的六维超椭球体计算方法及其应用

基于头盔伺服系统执行机构的结构优化设计需求,提出了一种量化六自由度并联机构工作空间的六维空间超椭球体的计算方法,该方法的计算过程包括二维包络椭圆的求解和六维超椭球体的计算两部分。首先,重新总结和归纳了包络椭圆的定义,提出了包络椭圆的计算方法,在计算过程中提出了椭圆中心坐标修正步长、包络椭圆的两半轴长修正因子以及纵轴半轴长修正步长等概念,实现了对椭圆中心和半轴长的动态修正,提高了包络椭圆计算的准确性和智能化水平,采用调整系数来实时修改修正步长,保证了计算过程的收敛性;其次,给出了判定包络椭圆的条件和方法,方便了对计算方法有效性的验证;再次,提出了根据投影面内包络椭圆几何信息求解六维超椭球体的方法;最后,对包络超椭球体的计算方法进行了实例计算与验证,并通过实例计算对该方法用于六自由度并联机构工作空间优化的可行性和实用性进行了验证。结果表明:各投影面的包络椭圆均符合判定条件,即本文对包络椭圆与超椭球体的计算是准确的;优化结果对应的工作空间内接六维超椭球体能完全包含目标工作空间的包络超椭球体,即采用超椭球体来量化和优化六自由度并联机构工作空间是可行的,且具有较好的实用性。     

Flap contour optimization for highly integrated SERN nozzles

The performance of a Single Expansion Ramp Nozzle (SERN) for hypersonic cruise vehicles is examined with focus on the flow at the nozzle flap and the corresponding separation of the boundary layer. Two wind tunnel models are used to analyze the interaction of the free stream and the nozzle flow and the flow at the flap in detail. A finite element flow code is employed to support the design of the flap model and the analysis of the flow.Comparative contour studies show that the size and the location of the separation at the flap cowl and therefore the aerodynamic quality can be influenced by optimizing the flap cowl contour. The position of the separation is measured for different contours and varying Reynolds numbers at laminar, transitional and turbulent flow conditions. Numerical studies of a nozzle/afterbody configuration suggest an improvement of up to 3.5% in axial thrust for optimized flap contours in the examined Mach range between 1.64 and 6. At the same time the rotation of the thrust vector is reduced by up to 5° at lower Mach numbers.