Results from the ESA SREM monitors and comparison with existing radiation belt models

The Standard Radiation Environment Monitor (SREM) is a simple particle detector developed for wide application on ESA satellites. It measures high-energy protons and electrons of the space environment with a 20° angular resolution and limited spectral information. Of the ten SREMs that have been manufactured, four have so far flown. The first model on STRV-1c functioned well until an early spacecraft failure. The other three are on-board, the ESA spacecraft INTEGRAL, ROSETTA and PROBA-1. Another model is flying on GIOVE-B, launched in April 2008 with three L-2 science missions to follow: both Herschel and Planck in 2008, and GAIA in 2011). The diverse orbits of these spacecraft and the common calibration of the monitors provides a unique dataset covering a wide range of B-L* space, providing a direct comparison of the radiation levels in the belts at different locations, and the effects of geomagnetic shielding. Data from the PROBA/SREM and INTEGRAL/IREM are compared with existing radiation belt models.     

对K8飞机外贸出口工作的几点思考

简要论述了K8飞机外贸出口所处的内、外部环境,在此基础上进行SWOT分析,并据此提出该飞机外贸出口工作中应采取的几项措施。     

JL8飞机航炮吊舱卡链故障分析

通过对JL8飞机航炝吊舱供弹系统及弹带结构的分析,结合弹带在供弹道内的运动特性,找出了航炮吊舱卡停射故障产笺原因,并通过计算,提出了改进措施。     

空间微小碎片累积作用下材料光学性能退化预示模型适用性研究

航天器在轨服役期间会遭受到大量空间微小碎片和微流星体的撞击作用,其中的微米级粒子将在航天器表面产生大面积砂蚀现象,并使材料或器件功能衰退。文章介绍了NASA空间微小碎片累积损伤材料光学性能退化预示模型并推导了两个预示模型之间的关系。利用ORDEM2000碎片分布模型估算了K8玻璃累积损伤面积。以K8玻璃为例,对比研究了两个预示模型的适用性。结果表明,当航天器外表面损伤程度小于40%,可利用Canoon模型评价和预示材料光学性能退化规律;当航天器外表面损伤程度大于40%,需利用Mirtich模型评价和预示材料光学性能退化规律。     

ATR72与“冲锋”8-Q400飞机分析对比与思考

对ATR72和"冲锋"8-Q400的设计特点、性能及销量等进行了分析对比,探讨了其中的原因。研究表明,该两型飞机都非常重视飞机的燃油经济性、环保性以及乘坐舒适性;但由于运营市场的定位不同,两型飞机在性能、销量等方面有着较大差别。     

K8飞机襟翼装配工艺的改进

Ｋ８飞机襟翼装配长期达不到设计要求，成为技术关键。本文从多方面分析了产生问题的原因，并详细介绍了改进方法及其效果。     

提高UV-LIGA制备金微细零件的尺寸精度研究(英文)

在众多影响UV-LIGA(Ultra-violet lithography Galvanik abformung)技术制备微细金属零件尺寸精度的因素中,SU-8胶溶胀性是最主要的。通常采用隔离带方法降低SU-8胶的溶胀性,以提高电铸微细零件的尺寸精度。由于贵重金属会沉积到隔离带内,造成了贵重金属的浪费,增加制造成本,因此该方法不适合贵重金属微细零件制造。针对隔离带方法的弊端,提出了半隔离带方法,在保证电铸微细金属零件尺寸精度的前提下,避免了贵重金属的浪费。另外,还采用电解液喷射方法实现了高电流密度电铸,缩短了电铸时间,进一步提高了电铸微细金属零件的尺寸精度。试验结果表明:采用半隔离带方法和高电流密度,可以有效提高金微细零件的尺寸精度,当电流密度提高到0.6A/dm2,金微细零件的尺寸精度可以达到5μm。     

Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System

Fronts and thermohaline structure of the Brazil–Malvinas Confluence System (BMCS) are studied from climatic data, “Marathon Exp. Leg.8, 1984” data, and Sea surface temperature (SST) data base “ds277-Reynolds” (1981–2000). The South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) is divided in two main types: tropical (TW) and subtropical water (ST). Water masses, Fronts, Inter-Frontal and Frontal Zones are analysed and classified: (a) the water masses: Tropical Low-Salinity Water, Tropical Surface Water, Tropical Tropospheric Water, Subtropical Low-Salinity Water, Subtropical Surface Water, Subtropical Tropospheric Water. T,S characteristics of intermediate, deep and bottom water defined by different authors are confirmed and completed; (b) the Inter-Frontal Zones: Tropical/Brazil Current Zone, Subtropical Zone and Subantarctic Zone; (c) the Frontal Zones: Subtropical, Subantarctic and Polar, and (d) the Fronts: Subtropical Front of the Brazil Current, Principal Subtropical Front, North Subtropical Front, Subtropical Surface Front, South Subtropical Front, Subantarctic Surface Front, Subantarctic Front and Polar Front. Several stable T–S relationships are found below the friction layer and at the Fronts. The maximum gradient of the oceanographic characteristics occurs at the Brazil Current Front, which can be any of the subtropical Fronts, depending on season. Minimum mean depth of the pycnocline coincides with the Fronts of the BMCS, indicating the paths of low-salinity shelf waters into the open ocean. In the work it is shown how to recover the horizontal and vertical thermohaline structure of waters from satellite data RSMAS SST.     

反舰导弹8字形二次攻击目标搜索效能评估模型

针对反舰导弹在一次攻击时未搜索到目标或搜索到目标后受电子干扰等因素,导致丢失目标而失去攻击机会的问题,通过分析反舰导弹的目标搜索过程,从充分利用剩余航程的角度出发,探讨了8字形二次攻击目标搜索的问题,研究了采取该方式搜索的效能影响因素,构建了8字形二次攻击搜索效能评估模型。通过仿真计算验证,论证了该模型的准确性,对研究反舰导弹二次攻击相关问题有一定的参考价值。     

The primordial Helium-4 abundance determination: systematic effects

By extrapolating to O/H = N/H = 0 the empirical correlations Y–O/H and Y–N/H defined by a relatively large sample of 45 Blue Compact Dwarfs (BCDs), we have obtained a primordial ⁴Helium mass fraction Y _p=0.2443±0.0015 with dY/dZ=2.4±1.0. This result is in excellent agreement with the average Y _p=0.2452±0.0015 determined in the two most metal-deficient BCDs known, I Zw 18 (Z /50) and SBS 0335–052 (Z /41), where the correction for He production is smallest. The quoted error (1) of 1% is statistical and does not include systematic effects. We examine various systematic effects including collisional excitation of hydrogen lines, ionization structure and temperature fluctuation effects, and underlying stellar Hei absorption, and conclude that combining all systematic effects, our Y _p may be underestimated by 2–4%. Taken at face value, our Y _p implies a baryon-to-photon number ratio =(4.7^+1.0 _–0.8)×10^–10 and a baryon mass fraction _b h ² ₁₀₀=0.017±0.005 (2), consistent with the values obtained from deuterium and Cosmic Microwave Background measurements. Correcting Y _p upward by 2–4% would make the agreement even better.