CRISTA-NF measurements of water vapor during the SCOUT-O3 Tropical Aircraft Campaign

The new remote sensing experiment CRISTA-NF (Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere – New Frontiers) successfully participated in the SCOUT-O3 Tropical Aircraft Campaign in November and December 2005. CRISTA-NF operated aboard the high-altitude research aircraft M-55 Geophysica. Mid-infrared spectra (4–15 μm) were measured in the limb sounding geometry with high spatial resolution (250 m vertical sampling, 5–15 km along track sampling). Measurements were carried out during transfer flights between Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, and Darwin, Australia, as well as during several local flights near Darwin. Water vapor volume mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere were derived from the CRISTA-NF radiance measurements by utilizing a rapid radiative transfer forward model and the optimal estimation retrieval approach. CRISTA-NF water vapor measurements below the hygropause have a total retrieval error of 15–40% (i.e. root mean square of accuracy and precision). The systematic terms are dominating in the retrieval error budget. The contributions of a priori information to the retrieval results are less than 5–10%. The vertical resolution of the observations is about 250–500 m when permitted by instrument sampling. In this paper we present first results for three transfer flights of the campaign. Being generally in good agreement with corresponding ECMWF operational analyzes, the CRISTA-NF measurements show significantly higher variability and local structures in the upper tropospheric water vapor distributions.     

高速子弹穿透充液油箱的数值模拟

高速子弹击穿充液油箱产生水锤效应,造成油箱全面且灾难性的破坏,因而对子弹穿透油箱的过程进行模拟分析具有重要价值。使用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件,模拟900 m/s的子弹穿透装有60%水的4340钢制油箱以及空油箱的过程,模拟再现了水锤的产生过程,得到了不同时刻的物理图像和各种瞬变现象,确定了水锤效应的成因以及对油箱的破坏方式。研究表明,油箱中水压峰值出现在子弹入射板内侧,油箱底板和子弹出射板变形更严重。     

基于均匀圆阵的信号二维方向角高精度估计

基于均匀圆阵(UCA),提出一种信号二维方向角的高精度估计方法。首先,充分利用了信号的空、时域信息,构造时空旋转矩阵,从而达到多个信源分离的目的。其次,直接利用UCA的阵列流形,采用最小二乘法估计信号二维方向角。最后,给出解相位整周期性模糊的方法。计算机仿真表明了此方法具有估计精度高,对阵元的幅相误差鲁棒性强等特点。     

步进电机控制接口实例

文章以脉冲分配器集成电路TD2803P为主，用压控振荡器74LS624进行频率控制，采用直流固态继电器作为驱动器，步进电机采用低压双路供电，改善起动性能。该电路比以硬件为主的传统电路简单，又比以软件实现的环行分配电路节小计算机内部资源和占用I／O接口少，又很容易实现正转，反转，速度，模式，步进步数等控制，是未来步进电机控制接口技术发展的方向。