凝胶注模成型多孔Si3 N4 陶瓷及其性能

采用凝胶注模成型工艺制备出了具有低介电常数和高强度特性的多孔Si<,3>N<,4>陶瓷平板和锥形体样件,并对其微观结构、高温介电性能、透波率和弯曲强度等进行了测试与分析.结果表明:该方法获得的多孔Si<,3>N<,4>陶瓷具有低介电常数(2.3-2.8)、高弯曲强度(大于50 MPa)、高温介电性能稳定和透波率良好等优点.     

预腐蚀疲劳缺口系数(英文)

对在EXCO溶液中预腐蚀后的LC4CS光滑试件和缺口试件进行疲劳试验,得到不同预腐蚀时间的S-N曲线及预腐蚀疲劳缺口系数。通过分析腐蚀过程,阐述了腐蚀对疲劳缺口系数的影响机理,建立了描述预腐蚀疲劳缺口系数的两参数模型,并进行了试验验证。结果表明:LC4CS材料的疲劳缺口系数随预腐蚀时间呈现出先降后升的变化趋势,其拐点出现在剥蚀开始阶段。     

Material optimization: bridging the gap between conceptual and preliminary design

This paper presents a collection of tools for conceptual structure design. The underlying model is the ‘free material optimization’ problem. This problem gives the best physically attainable material and is considered as a generalization of the sizing/shape optimization problem. The method is supported by powerful optimization and numerical techniques, which allow us to work with bodies of complex initial design and with very fine finite-element meshes. The computed results are realized by composite materials. We consider a particular class of fibre-reinforced composite materials, manufactured by the so-called tape-laying technology. In the post-processing phase, stress/strain-trajectories are plotted which indicate how to place these tapes; they also show the proposed thickness of the tapes. Several examples demonstrate the efficiency of this approach to conceptual design of engineering structures.     

Porous Alumina Ceramics Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering

Porous alumina of regular spherical particles was fabricated with the spark plasma sintering (SPS) and then compared to those ob-tained through conventional hot pressing (HP). The effects of the parameters of the heating process on porosity were also investigated. Microstructural studies suggest that porous ingots including regular pores be made out of regular spherical alumina particles due to the close sphere packages. A comparative study on the relative necks of the specimens produced by SPS and HP indicates an enhancement of neck growth with SPS. Contrasting the theoretical values to the experimental results over the relative necks indicates that a proper relationship between the relative necks and the porosity can be established by a sintering model.     

卫星轴承钢珠精化技术研究

为了适应卫星轴承钢珠精化的需要,建立了研磨过程中钢珠的动力学解析模型,分析了球与四研头之间的运动、四研头转向与球面加工、摩擦力与加工精度等关系。并采用倒置式正四面体形结构,在转轴与研头之间设计了具有自适应功能的浮动联轴器,进行了钢珠加工的实验研究。     

Depeaking – economic optimization of air traffic systems

More than half of all flights in and out of Frankfurt International Airport are conducted by Lufthansa airlines, as it is one of their two major hubs. The so called hub and spokes systems allow airlines to bundle major passenger flows via connecting flights across the in- and outbound traffic. The reliability of these transfer connections, and specifically the arrival punctuality at the hub airports are crucial to the economics of the daily operation.Since Frankfurt International Airport has lately been one of the most congested airports in Europe, delays (in particular arrival delays) have increased quite significantly throughout the last years. To compensate for additional queueing time in the arrival processes, the scheduled block times inbound Frankfurt were continuously adjusted upwardly keeping the arrival punctuality (and thereby the connection reliability) close to stable. The two disadvantages of this approach have been the decrease in aircraft productivity and over-deliveries in peak hours, which in turn induce either additional block time delay or ground delay programs inbound Frankfurt.This paper introduces an iterative stochastic-simulation approach that models the vicious circle of lengthening block times and increased over-deliveries. In a second step it quantifies the operational and economical effects of depeaking the schedule and illustrates the overall growth potentials for the depeaked operation of the airport. The schedule was successfully implemented in Frankfurt in summer 2004.     

High-entropy (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2Yb0.2)2(Zr0.75Ce0.25)2O7 thermal barrier coating material with significantly enhanced fracture toughness

Poor fracture toughness leads to premature failure of La₂(Zr_0.75Ce_0.25)₂O₇ (LCZ) thermal barrier coatings in an elevated temperature service environment. A novel coating material, namely (La_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Gd_0.2Yb_0.2)₂(Zr_0.75Ce_0.25)₂O₇ (LNSGY) based on the high-entropy concept, was successfully fabricated by solid-state sintering. The microstructure of LCZ and LNSGY was investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectrometer (RS), Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The fracture toughness of the LCZ and LNSGY ceramics was evaluated. The LNSGY has excellent high-temperature phase stability, and the grain size of LNSGY ceramic is smaller than that of LCZ ceramic at an elevated temperature due to the sluggish diffusion effect. Compared with LCZ (fracture toughness is (1.4 ± 0.1) MPa∙m^1/2), the fracture toughness of LNSGY is significantly enhanced (fracture toughness is (2.0 ± 0.3) MPa∙m^1/2). Therefore, the LNSGY can be a promising advanced thermal barrier coating material in the future.     

g-C3N4/Fe2O3复合催化剂的表征及其对AP的催化作用

为了改善固体推进剂中高氯酸铵（AP）热分解性能,降低其热分解温度,利用SEM,XRD,FT-IR对原位制备的g-C₃N₄/Fe₂O₃复合催化剂的形貌和结构进行了表征,通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）考察了催化剂对AP 热分解的催化效果。结果表明：g-C₃N₄/Fe₂O₃复合结构完整,Fe₂O₃颗粒紧密负载在g-C₃N₄上;加入不同质量分数的复合催化剂,AP的低温分解峰和高温分解峰都明显降低,且随着催化剂加入量的增加催化效果增强;加入复合催化剂质量分数5%时,高温分解峰和低温分解峰分别降低到348.1℃和281.7℃,表明g-C₃N₄/Fe₂O₃复合催化剂可有效降低AP的热分解温度,改善其热分解性能。     

电子束熔化成形Ti-6Al-4V钛合金研究进展和应用现状

电子束熔化成形技术(EBM)具有成形速度快、能量利用率高和真空环境无污染等优点,适合于Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的制备,在航空航天、生物医疗等领域得到广泛应用。然而,EBM成形Ti-6Al-4V钛合金构件仍然存在的内部孔隙、粗糙的表面和残余拉应力等缺陷,严重影响了成形件的疲劳性能。通过工艺参数的优化及后处理工艺,如热等静压和表面处理等,可以显著改善EBM成形件的疲劳性能。综述了EBM成形Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的成形工艺、微观组织、力学性能和典型的应用现状。重点讨论了影响疲劳性能的因素,并总结了一些提高疲劳性能的后处理方法。最后对EBM技术未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

Pion and electromagnetic contribution to dose: Comparisons of HZETRN to Monte Carlo results and ISS data

Recent work has indicated that pion production and the associated electromagnetic (EM) cascade may be an important contribution to the total astronaut exposure in space. Recent extensions to the deterministic space radiation transport code, HZETRN, allow the production and transport of pions, muons, electrons, positrons, and photons. In this paper, the extended code is compared to the Monte Carlo codes, Geant4, PHITS, and FLUKA, in slab geometries exposed to galactic cosmic ray (GCR) boundary conditions. While improvements in the HZETRN transport formalism for the new particles are needed, it is shown that reasonable agreement on dose is found at larger shielding thicknesses commonly found on the International Space Station (ISS). Finally, the extended code is compared to ISS data on a minute-by-minute basis over a seven day period in 2001. The impact of pion/EM production on exposure estimates and validation results is clearly shown. The Badhwar–O’Neill (BO) 2004 and 2010 models are used to generate the GCR boundary condition at each time-step allowing the impact of environmental model improvements on validation results to be quantified as well. It is found that the updated BO2010 model noticeably reduces overall exposure estimates from the BO2004 model, and the additional production mechanisms in HZETRN provide some compensation. It is shown that the overestimates provided by the BO2004 GCR model in previous validation studies led to deflated uncertainty estimates for environmental, physics, and transport models, and allowed an important physical interaction (π/EM) to be overlooked in model development. Despite the additional π/EM production mechanisms in HZETRN, a systematic under-prediction of total dose is observed in comparison to Monte Carlo results and measured data.