风洞电机的有关问题及其解决办法

风洞直流电机的换向不良、轴瓦磨损严重、轴承座漏油、维修不便等问题,一直令维修人员烦恼。本文针对这些问題,作了具体的分析,并且提出了切实可行的解决办法。     

INS/SMNS组合导航信息融合算法

为了解决INS/SMNS(Inertial Navigation System /Scene Matching Navigation System)组合导航系统信息融合时涉及到的时间对准、多速率滤波、不等间隔以及量测滞后等问题,根据INS/SMNS组合导航主要应用于末制导段以及Kalman滤波与观测值的关系,提出了采用外推法进行时间对准、变周期离散化进行不等间隔多速率滤波、使用计算机软件消除量测滞后的解决方案.对比分析了常规Kalman滤波、消除量测滞后Kalman滤波以及方案的滤波精度.仿真结果表明设计的方案具有较高的滤波精度.     

γ-ray spectroscopy in Mars orbit during solar proton events

Understanding the evolution of Mars requires determining the composition of the surface and atmosphere of the planet. The European Space Agency’s ExoMars rover mission, which is expected to launch in 2016, is part of the Aurora programme. The instruments on the rover will search for evidence of life on Mars and will map a sub-section of the Martian surface, extracting compositional information. Currently our understanding of the bulk composition (and mineralogy) of Mars relies on orbital data from instruments on-board satellites such as 2001 Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Express, in addition to in-situ instrumentation on rovers such as Spirit and Opportunity. γ-ray spectroscopy can be used to determine the composition of Mars, but it has yet to be successfully carried out in-situ on Mars. This study describes some of the results obtained from the γ-ray spectrometer on 2001 Mars Odyssey during solar proton events and discusses whether the increased emissions are useful in γ-ray spectroscopy. The study shows that although increased γ-ray emissions were expected from the Martian surface during a solar proton event, they were not detected from orbit probably due to insufficient signal-to-background. However, this does not preclude the possibility of measuring changes in γ-ray flux corresponding to changes in solar activity on the surface of the planet.     

数字近景摄影大尺寸三坐标测量系统V-STARS的测试与应用

介绍了数字近景摄影大尺寸柔性三坐标测量系统V—STARS的配置、测量原理和测量过程,对其三维坐标及平面度的测量重复性进行了实际测试,与激光跟踪仪进行了平面度的比对测试,并将V—STARS系统成功应用于某17m网状天线的型面测量与调整工程实践中。     

视觉辅助遥操作在卫星在轨自维护中的应用

为了克服时延对空间机器人遥操作的影响,提出了利用视觉技术辅助遥操作进行卫星自维护的方法.针对遥操作数据传输滞后的问题,设计并实现了一种基于视觉的共享控制策略,该策略将维护任务分为自由空间控制与自主视觉伺服控制.在自由空间控制阶段,通过3D图形预测仿真以及实时反馈的视频流,提高了遥操作者的视觉临场感.在自主控制阶段,采用冗余特征视觉伺服控制,克服了系统对标定精度的依赖性,从而提高了整个系统的智能化程度.最后,通过对典型的卫星维护任务实例的分析,验证了该方法的有效性.     

An inversion approach for lunar regolith layer thickness using optical albedo data and microwave emission simulation

An approach to inversion of the lunar regolith layer thickness by using multi-channel brightness temperature observation in passive microwave remote sensing is developed. To first make simulation of brightness temperature from the lunar layered media, the lunar regolith layer thickness (d) is proposed being constructed by available lunar DEM (digital elevation mapping) and on site measurements. The physical temperature distribution (T) over the lunar surface is also empirically assumed as a monotonic function of the latitude. Optical albedo of the lunar nearside from the telescopic observation is employed to construct the spatial distribution of the FeO+TiO₂ content (S) in the lunar regolith layer. A statistic relationship between the DEM and S of the lunar nearside is further extended to construction of S of the lunar farside. Thus, the dielectric permittivity (ε) of global lunar regolith layer can then be determined. Based on all these conditions (d,T,ε), brightness temperature of the lunar regolith layer in passive microwave remote sensing, which is planned for China's Chang-E lunar project, is numerically simulated by a parallel layering model using the strong fluctuation theory of random media.Then, taking these simulations with random noise as observations, an inversion method of the lunar regolith layer thickness is developed by using three- or two-channels brightness temperatures. When the S is low, and the four channels brightness temperatures in China's Chang-E project are well distinguishable, the regolith layer thickness and physical temperature of the underlying lunar rock media can be inverted by the three-channels approach. When the S becomes high that the brightness temperature at high frequency channels such as 19.35, 37 GHz are saturated, the regolith layer thickness is alternatively inverted only by the two-channels approach.Numerical simulation and inversion approach in this paper make an evaluation of the performance for lunar passive microwave remote sensing, and for future data calibration and validation.     

基于自校正模糊神经控制的无刷直流传动系统

提出了一种自校正模糊神经网络控制器(SCFNNC)来实现无刷直流电动机起动、调速、制动等各运行阶段的性能指标.该SCFNNC是采用调整系统增益参数的方法完成较完善的控制规则的.重点研究了系统自校正增益参数的确定方法,模糊控制器的设计,人工神经网络实现模糊控制规则的方法等.自校正增益参数是根据系统对超调量、转速稳态误差、动态速降的期望值来确定的.设计模糊控制器时是根据系统的性能指标,确定出合适的模糊控制规则表,用于训练神经网络.为使系统的性能达到最佳,采用了自校正模糊神经控制、开关控制和比例控制相结合的复合控制方法,通过数学仿真证实配备SCFNNC的系统具有优良的动、静态特性,及较强的鲁棒性.     

拦截机动目标的模糊导引律研究

使用模糊方法研究了三维实际追逃问题的最小能量导引律问题。首先,通过对一些状态变量的定义域进行在线模糊分区,一方面,将非线性模型变为模糊T-S线性模型;另一方面,又能方便地处理目标的任意机动而引起的目标运动方向的变化。其次,利用RH（Receding Hori-zon）控制方法和伴随技术,在目标作对抗性机动条件下,获得了一个有效拦截的导引律。数值仿真结果表明,由这种导引律导引的导弹能够精确拦截任意机动的目标。     

基于特征点的颅面复原技术

介绍了用人工神经网络算法确定待复原颅面的软组织厚度及颅面特征点的方法。在计算机辅助颅面复原过程中,通常只能根据颅骨上少数特征点及其所在部位的法向软组织厚度的统计值进行运算。由于现有统计值指标涵盖的年龄较宽泛,导致复原结果缺乏个性。在测定待复原颅骨骨龄的基础上,通过神经网络训练,确定软组织厚度随年龄的变化规律,较精确地计算出与拟复原对象的骨龄相适应的特征点软组织厚度值,并用最小二乘法及曲面法线原理建立数学模型,计算出颅面特征点。最后用基于Delaunay三角剖分的wavelet插值法复原出面貌雏形。     

基于QAR的PW4077D发动机放气活门与N1的关系

航空发动机的放气活门调节规律是一个较为复杂的控制过程。依据大量QAR数据,采用数学分析的方法初步探索了PW4077D型发动机2.5级放气活门开度控制规律。通过对大量数据的统计分析可知,放气活门开度与低压转子转速N1关系最为密切。首先通过数据解码和修正得到各航班标准状态下的N1值;采用非线性回归的数理统计方法分段拟合,得到2.5级放气活门开度与N1的数学模型。经检验,该模型在一定范围内良好地反映了该型发动机2.5级放气活门开度大小的调节规律。