Mathematical description of the NaK model for MASTER-2005

The release of NaK droplets has been modeled for the new version of the European Meteoroid and Space Debris Terrestrial Environment Reference model MASTER-2005. Previously published versions of the model have been revised. The parameters of the model are introduced and discussed. NaK droplets consist of eutectic sodium–potassium alloy and have been released during RORSAT reactor core ejections. They contributed to the space debris environment in the centimeter and millimeter size regime. Sixteen nuclear powered RORSATs launched between 1980 and 1988 activated a reactor core ejection system in Sufficiently High Orbits (SHO), mostly between 900 and 950 km altitude. The core ejection caused an opening of the primary coolant circuit. The liquid coolant has been released into space during these core ejections. The outflow is considered as a discrete event for each of the sixteen core ejections in total. The NaK coolant has been forming droplets up to a diameter of 5.5 cm. NaK releases are restricted to a very narrow region near 65° inclination. This paper gives the parameters of the NaK release model as it is implemented in MASTER-2005. The quantitative values of all model parameters including characteristic diameter and uniformity parameter are presented. The ratio of the characteristic droplet size to the orifice diameter is discussed. It is estimated that altogether 128 kg of NaK-78 (8 kg per RORSAT) was released on orbit. Simulation runs show that there are still 45,000 droplets with a total mass of 97 kg in orbit at the reference epoch 1 May 2005, whereas the smallest droplet has a diameter of 5 mm. Results of orbit propagation simulation runs are presented in terms of spatial density.     

三维角联锁结构复合材料等效弹性性能有限元分析

在复合材料承载时变形协调的前提下,采用CAD软件绘制三维织物单元体几何模型,然后导入结构分析有限元软件包,对工程中常用的带衬经三维角联锁结构复合材料的弹性性能进行分析,并将0°和90°方向弹性性能预测值及实验值与取向平均法预测值进行比较。结果表明,采用的有限元方法所得预测值及实验值与取向平均法预测值之间具有很好的一致性。     

国外飞机刹车技术最新进展

飞机刹车系统是飞机着陆装置的重要组成部分。随着技术进步和使用需求的发展,飞机刹车系统也在不断发展,正在迈人数字式、集成化、智能化控制新阶段。跟踪和研究国外飞机刹车技术进展,尤其是专利技术对我们研发应用具有重要现实意义。以近年美国专利为对象研究国外飞机刹车技术最新进展。首先介绍了国外基本情况。在最近3年经美国专利局授权的飞机刹车系统专利近80件:2019年26件,2020年 31件,2021年21件,其中古德里奇公司拥有的专利件数最多。这些专利涉及飞机刹车与防滑控制、故障检测、碳盘磨损、电刹车,以及刹车附件等各个方面。主要集中在飞机刹车系统的改进,包括液压刹车、电刹车的刹车控制、防滑控制、可靠性等的改进。重点介绍了 2021 年授权的一些专利,内容包括快速收敛防滑初始化、均衡刹车跑道对中、定点刹车退出、液压刹车填充、刹车盘组闭合、电刹车间隙控制、起落架收起止转刹车等。分析表明,完善和细化控制是飞机刹车系统技术发展的显著特点。拓展刹车系统和附件功能以及开发新原理、新结构,以适应使用需求,也是刹车技术发展的重要方面。     

Optimization design of airfoils under atmospheric icing conditions for UAV

Natural ice accretion on the lifting surface of an aircraft is detrimental to its aerodynamic performance, as it changes the effective streamlined body. The main focus of this work considers the optimization design of airfoils under atmospheric icing conditions for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV). The ice formation process is simulated by the Eulerian approach and the three-dimensional Myers model. A three-equation turbulence model is implemented to accurately predict the stall performance of t...     

Orbit determination of BeiDou navigation satellite system maneuvered satellites based on instantaneous velocity pulses parameters

The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) comprises geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites as well as inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. Owing to their special orbital characteristics, GEO satellites require frequent orbital maneuvers to ensure that they operate in a specific orbital window. The availability of the entire system is affected during the maneuver period because service cannot be provided before the ephemeris is restored. In this study, based on the conventional dynamic orbit determination method for navigation satellites, multiple sets of instantaneous velocity pulses parameters which belong to one of pseudo-stochastic parameters were used to simulate the orbital maneuver process in the orbital maneuver arc and establish the observed and predicted orbits of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites of BeiDou regional navigation satellite system (BDS-2) and BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3). Finally, the single point positioning (SPP) technology was used to verify the accuracy of the observed and predicted orbits. The orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered satellites can be greatly improved by using the orbit determination method proposed in this paper. The overlapping orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered GEO satellites of BDS-2 and BDS-3 can improve 2–3 orders of magnitude. Among them, the radial orbit determination accuracy of each maneuvered satellite is basically better than 1 m. simultaneously, the combined orbit determination of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites does not have a great impact on the orbit determination accuracy of the non-maneuvered satellites. Compared with the multi GNSS products (indicated by GBM) from the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), the impact of adding the maneuvered satellites on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-2 satellites is less than 9 %. Furthermore, the orbital recovery time and the service availability period are significantly improved. When the node of the predicted orbit is traversed approximately 3 h after the maneuver, the accuracy of the predicted orbit of the maneuvered satellite can reach that of the observed orbit. The SPP results for the BDS reached a normal level when the node of the predicted orbit was 2 h after the maneuver.     

连接器支架结构优化设计分析

某型连接器支架普遍出现断裂现象,经判断原因是动强度设计不合理,在振动载荷作用下发生疲劳破坏,为了确保支架不出现结构损伤,保证飞行安全,需要进行结构优化设计分析。基于克希霍夫理论,采用有限元分析手段,通过改变厚度、材料与结构形式的方法,对支架进行模态分析与随机响应分析,最终得到了在满足动强度设计要求的情况下质量最轻的支架。根据分析结果总结了一种结构优化设计分析的流程:先改结构形式,用相对系数判断优劣;再选疲劳性能好的材料;最后选择合适的厚度。该流程在本文中得到有效实施,可在今后用于相似结构的优化设计分析。     

短舱进气道热气防冰系统传热特性研究

为了研究短舱笛形管热气防冰系统中防冰腔设计参数对进气道唇口表面传热特性的影响,进行了不同设计参数下进气道防冰腔内外流域和固体域的耦合仿真传热计算。分析得出了不同射流孔孔径和射流孔到进气道前缘表面的距离等参数对进气道唇口表面的温度、对流换热系数和Nusselt(Nu)数分布的影响。分析结果表明：射流孔直径和射流孔到唇口表面距离在一定的范围内,进气道蒙皮表面温度和对流换热系数随射流孔直径的增大而升高,随中间排射流孔到唇口表面距离的减小而升高。     

ATC3在管制员模拟培训中的应用分析

民航的快速发展对管制员的数量和质量都提出了很高的要求,但管制模拟机设备的不足限制了民航院校的管制员培训与培养.通过详细研究管制模拟软件ATC3,并与目前使用的管制模拟机进行对比分析,探讨其创新性及优缺点,进而研究在管制员模拟机培训中的可应用性.同时也针对该软件的缺点提出了一些优化建议,以使该软件很好地应用在管制员模拟培训中,提高管制培训的质量,加快管制员培训的步伐,满足中国民航发展的迫切需求.     

B型手推式高压油泵车的改进改型

介绍了用于为飞机液压系统提供液压动力的手推式高压油泵车在体积、重量、功率、噪声等方面的改进,以及新增自循环清洗及联机系统清洗、离线和在线污染度检测等功能,满足了使用要求.     

高原机场终端区飞行闭环稳定性分析

分析了高原机场终端区飞行的特殊性和影响高原机场飞行闭环稳定性的各种不利因素,指出了在高原机场缺氧条件下对飞行员数学模型修正的必要性和修正方法.采用等效闭环系统方法分析飞机在高原机场环境下的闭环稳定性,利用该思路可以用常规的分析方法研究高原机场飞行员缺氧条件下的闭环稳定性.