不同冷却介质下多道次搅拌摩擦加工对 AZ91镁合金组织和性能影响

对铸态 AZ91镁合金板进行了三种不同冷却条件下的多道次搅拌摩擦加工,即两次空气、一次空气和一次水下、两次水下的搅拌摩擦加工,并对其组织和力学性能进行了研究。研究结果表明：在多道次搅拌摩擦加工过程中,剧烈的塑性变形使搅拌区内呈网状的第二相β-Mg17 Al12显著破碎变成细小颗粒状,搅拌区的微观组织均得到了显著细化,三种不同冷却条件下样品的平均晶粒尺寸分别为5．8μm,1．4μm 和0．8～1μm;两次水下加工的组织更为细小,其显微硬度、抗拉强度和延伸率较其他两种冷却条件下多道次搅拌摩擦加工样品的高,分别为94．7 HV,355．5 MPa 和31．5％。     

TC4钛合金与多层TiN/Ti涂层的砂尘冲蚀损伤试验

建了砂尘冲蚀试验系统,采用粒子成像测速方法获得了气体压力和砂尘速度之间的关系,并在砂尘质量浓度为28.91g/m3,速度为80m/s,冲蚀角度为30°的条件下,对TC4钛合金和多层TiN/Ti涂层进行了冲蚀试验.结果表明:TC4钛合金抗冲蚀损伤能力较差,平均质量损失率达0.7mg/min.多层TiN/Ti涂层可承受砂尘冲蚀200min以上,且TiN/Ti调制比为1:3涂层的抗冲蚀能力优于调制比为1:1的涂层.砂尘粒子垂直冲击速度分量引起的微区剥落是涂层冲蚀损伤的主要原因,增加多层涂层韧性是提高其抗冲蚀性能的关键.      

考虑裂纹形状变化的TC4钛合金振动疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测

对TC4板材试件进行振动疲劳裂纹扩展试验,测得裂纹扩展寿命与裂纹长度之间的关系.使用超景深显微镜对裂纹形状进行观测和分析,拟合裂纹形状参数.将拟合表达式应用于应力强度因子幅值的计算中,并对裂纹扩展寿命进行预测.结果显示:裂纹形状参数对预测结果影响较大.当该参数取定值时,预测结果与试验结果误差较大.而所拟合的拟合表达式可以简单、准确地预测裂纹扩展寿命.      

Partition method for improvement of piecewise linear model with full envelope covered

Since ambient conditions vary in a wide range within the full flight envelope, the existing piecewise linear model (PLM), which is based on sea-level static condition with use of corrected parameters for other points in the flight envelope, cannot meet the accuracy for replacing the nonlinear model. To obtain more accurate linear models, a method of partitioning the flight envelope over a grid of Mach number and altitude boxes was suggested. Then, a set of linear models for a given operating condition was selected by picking the nearest (Mach number, altitude) box in the flight envelope. Through the selected set of linear models, interpolating for power level based on a weighted sum of corrected rotor speeds can obtain a linear model with acceptable accuracy. Simulation results of different points within the full flight envelope showed that the maximum error between nonlinear model and the existing PLM was more than 50%, while the maximum error between nonlinear model and the improved PLM was within 8%. It is concluded that the improved PLM performs accurately, especially under the non-standard conditions. In addition, the improved PLM can satisfy the real-time requirement better than the existing PLM.      

激光沉积修复BT20钛合金成形特性及其组织

采用激光沉积修复方法对BT20钛合金锻件误加工和服役造成的损伤进行修复,观察成形件宏观形貌特点,分析宏观形貌影响因素.使用光学显微镜观察试件内部组织特点,指出内部组织形成原因;对沉积过程中缺陷特点以及产生的原因进行说明,并给出减少缺陷的方法.     

高缠绕叶轮流道4+1轴高效分段开槽方法

高缠绕叶轮流道的高效粗加工是提高整个叶轮加工效率和缩短生产周期的关键。针对高缠绕叶轮流道的粗加工,提出了一种4+1轴高效分段开槽方法。首先,给出了分段开槽加工方法的基本概念,并分析了高缠绕叶轮流道加工特点;然后,结合机床结构特征,给出了五轴机床在主轴摆角固定为常值时切削点处单点最大刀具尺寸的计算方法;基于各切削点加工特征参数的分析,采用聚类算法进行了叶轮流道加工分段区域的划分;最后,确定了各分段区域的可加工刀具尺寸和4+1形式的刀轴矢量。算例分析表明,提出的4+1轴分段开槽方法得到的开槽轨迹旋转轴变化均匀,材料去除量较传统开槽方法增加了32.5%,改善了切削过程稳定性,提高了叶轮的粗加工效率。     

Dynamic tensile behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy at ultra-high strain rates

The samples having {0001} parallel to extruding direction(ED) present a typical true stress–true strain curve with concave-down shape under tension at low strain rate. Ultra-rapid tensile tests were conducted at room temperature on a textured AZ31 B magnesium alloy. The dynamic tensile behavior was investigated. The results show that at ultra-high strain rates of 1.93 · 102 s 1and 1.70 · 103 s 1, the alloy behaves with a linear stress–strain response in most strain range and exhibits a brittle fracture. In this case, {10-12} 10-11 extension twinning is basic deformation mode. The brittleness is due to the macroscopic viscosity at ultra-high strain rate, for which the external critical shear stress rapidly gets high to result in a cleavage fracture before large amounts of dislocations are activated. Because {10-12} tension twinning, {10-11} compressive twinning,basal a slip, prismatic a slip and pyramidal c + a slip have different critical shear stresses(CRSS), their contributions to the degree of deformation are very differential. In addition,Schmid factor plays an important role in the activity of various deformation modes and it is the key factor for the samples with different strain rates exhibit various mechanical behavior under dynamic tensile loading.     

复杂外形航空发动机TC4钛合金宽弦空心风扇叶片弯扭成形

弯扭成形是钛合金空心风扇叶片制造中一种有效的辅助成形手段,赋予空心叶片毛坯理想的过渡形状,改善工艺性。针对应用于大涵道比涡扇发动机的TC4钛合金宽弦空心风扇叶片的工艺试验件,研究适用于复杂外形叶片的单轴扭转与双轴扭转两种弯扭方法,提出了夹头运动参数的设计方法,分析了机构的运动规律以及成形原理。基于有限元模拟,研究了扭转方式以及弯扭路径等关键工艺参数对于制件外形、变形区分布、扭转力矩以及表面缺陷的影响,并进行了弯扭实验。结果表明,采用单轴扭转方式,弯扭温度为750℃,叶尖夹头扭角为20.4°,扭转速度为0.68(°)/min,能够将平板毛坯成形出合理的过渡形状。弯扭后面板上出现了失稳凹陷,与有限元结果一致。     

一种三维并行自适应计算方法

基于串行网格划分软件METIS与并行化消息传递编程接口（ MPICH2）对现有串行自适应程序进行简单的并行化改造,给出了一种三维可压缩无粘流数值模拟的并行自适应方法。首先利用单个进程调用METIS,串行划分网格;然后对所有进程并行计算以获得初始网格下的流场解;再次利用单个进程对整个流场运用自适应方法进行局部网格加密并调用METIS串行划分网格;最后全部进程在流场初始解的基础上继续并行计算,以获得自适应网格下的流场解。数值模拟算例验证了此方法的可靠性与高效性。     

TC4/TA16异种金属焊接接头的断裂机理研究

为了探明TC4/TA16异种钛合金氩弧焊接头的断裂机理,对焊接接头进行了力学测试,同时对不同部位进行了显微组织观察、硬度试验及断裂韧性测试,最后对断口形貌进行了显微观察。结果表明：TC4/TA16异种焊接接头拉伸屈服强度接近TA16母材,抗拉强度和延伸率均低于两母材。断裂模式为塑性断裂,拉伸薄弱环节位于TA16侧热影响区,该区硬度低,晶粒尺寸大。由于热输入不均匀造成焊接接头不同区域不同的组织结构。TC4热影响区为网篮组织。TA16侧热影响区由于导热慢,长时间处于过热区,使晶粒长大,在外力作用下产生畸变。裂纹的扩展途径曲折,需要吸收较大的能力才能扩展,断裂韧性高,断裂韧性断口出现典型深而大的韧窝形貌,为塑性断裂。TC4侧热影响区的断裂韧性差,为缺口断裂的薄弱环节。为了避免破坏,要求在焊接过程中应该合理控制焊接温度和冷却速率,减低缺陷。