嫦娥一号卫星CCD立体相机的设计与在轨运行

介绍了立体成像原理、参数选择、相机方案及设计结果。发射前的实验室检测表明:整机MTF达0.48,S/N为235。由嫦娥一号卫星CCD立体相机获取的图像清晰,层次丰富。用户根据在轨运行前期探测数据对CCD立体相机的科学探测数据质量进行了初步评估,认为CCD立体相机工作正常,数据格式正确,科学数据有效,图像质量优良,能够进行稳定的数据观测、采集与下传。最后介绍了相机在研制过程中采用的一些新技术。     

萤火一号火星轨道器开环追踪技术

中国首个火星探测器萤火一号计划于2009年10月和俄罗斯的火卫一采样探测器一道发射升空。萤火一号将探测火星的空间环境,并验证深空导航测控与通信技术。与常规的火星探测任务不同,该探测器的轨道与位置测量主要利用天文甚长基线干涉测量技术、开环跟踪测量技术、差分单程测距测速技术、同波束干涉测量技术以及单程Doppler测速技术承担。     

“嫦娥一号”卫星真空热试验中的技术关键

"嫦娥一号"卫星是我国第一颗绕月探测卫星,由于其所处特殊的热环境,造成热控设计的复杂性,随之带来的是对卫星系统热控和真空热试验提出了很高的要求。该卫星在2005-2006年一年多的时间里完成了大量的整星、系统级及大部件的真空热试验,对现有的空间环境模拟试验技术是一个严峻的考验。文章分别从外热流模拟装置设计技术、热试验支架设计技术、数据测量与控制技术等方面所做的技术创新及其在"嫦娥一号"卫星系列真空热试验中的应用情况作了简要介绍。     

嫦娥一号卫星热控系统及其特点

对嫦娥一号卫星热控系统的设计进行了论述,并在此基础上提出了嫦娥一号卫星热控系统的设计特点,可为我国后续深空探测器热控系统的设计提供借鉴。     

New improved orbit solutions for the ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites

Improved orbit solutions of the European Remote Sensing Satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2 have been computed in the ITRF2005 terrestrial reference frame using the recent models based mainly on IERS Conventions 2003. These solutions cover the periods 3 August 1991 to 8 July 1996 for ERS-1, and 3 May 1995 to 4 July 2003 for ERS-2. For each satellite, the final orbit solution is based on a combination of three separate orbit solutions independently computed at the Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS) of the Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands), the Navigation Support Office of the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC, Germany) and the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Germany) using three different software packages for precise orbit determination, but using the same models in the same terrestrial reference frame within the European Space Agency (ESA) project ‘Reprocessing of Altimeter Products for ERS (REAPER)’. Validation using radar altimeter data indicates that the new combined orbits of ERS-1 and ERS-2 computed by us are significantly more accurate, approaching the 2–3 cm level in radial direction, than previously available orbit solutions.     

Effect of microgravity on primordial germ cells (PGCs) in silk chicken offspring (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Primordial germ cells (PGCs), precursors of germline cells, display a variety of antigens during their migration to target gonads. Here, we used silk chicken offspring (Gallus gallus domesticus) embryos subjected to space microgravity to investigate the influence of microgravity on PGCs. The ShenZhou-3 unmanned spaceship carried nine fertilized silk chicken eggs, named the flight group, returned to Earth after 7 days space flight. And the control group has the same clan with the flight group. PGCs from flight and control group silk chicken offspring embryos were examined during migration by using two antibodies (2C9 and anti-SSEA-1), in combination with the horseradish peroxidase detection system, and using periodic acid-Schiff’s solution (PAS) reaction. After incubation for about 30 h, SSEA-1 and 2C9 positive cells were detected in the germinal crescent of flight and control group silk chicken offspring embryos. After incubation of eggs for 2–2.5 days, SSEA-1 and 2C9 positive cells were detected in embryonic blood vessels of flight and control group silk chicken offspring embryos. After incubation of eggs for 5.5 days, PGCs in the dorsal mesentery and gonad could also be identified in flight and control group silk chicken offspring embryos by using SSEA-1 and 2C9 antibodies. Based on location and PAS staining, these cells were identified as PGCs. Meanwhile, at the stage of PGCs migration and then becoming established in the germinal ridges, no difference in SSEA-1 or 2C9 staining was detected between female and male PGCs in flight and control group silk chicken offspring embryos. Although there were differences in the profiles of PGC concentration between male and female embryos during the special circulating stage, changing profile of PGCs concentration was similar in same sex between flight and control group offspring embryos. We concluded that there is little effect on PGCs in offspring embryos of microgravity-treated chicken and that PGC development appears to be normal.     

Effects of Nb Content on Yield Strength of NiTiNb Alloys in Martensite State

Two near single-phase NiTiNb alloys—Ni₅₀Ti₄₈Nb₂ and Ni_49.5Ti_46.5Nb₄—are prepared and studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile tests in order to unearth the effects of Nb-atom solid solution in NiTi phase on the yield strength induced by self-accommodation of martensite variants. The results show that the yield strength of near single-phase NiTiNb alloys varies inversely with the amount of Nb-atoms solid-dissolved in NiTi phase. From the results out of the prior and current studies, it can be surmised that the effects of Nb content on the yield strength of NiTiNb alloys in martensite state depend on the coaction. Nb solid solution weakening mechanism and β-Nb phase composite strengthening mechanism. This inference might be a satisfactory explanation to the fact that the yield strength of (NiTi)_50–0.5xNb_x alloys in martensite state begins with decline and then rises when the Nb content increases.     

某型起动机高温合金整体涡轮材料的改进与分析

针对某型起动机高温合金整体涡轮断裂故障率高的情况,本文从国内外涡轮材料的发展趋势和应用现状出发,介绍了一种新型涡轮材料,并通过对比新旧材料的性能证明了材料改进的可行性和有效性。     

轻质高性能镁合金开发及其在航天航空领域的应用

镁合金是实际应用中最轻的金属结构材料,在航天航空、轨道交通、汽车、3C(computer,communication,consumer electronics)产品等领域具有广阔的应用前景。但镁合金材料强度偏低,尤其是高温强度,其抗蠕变性较差；镁合金铸件容易形成缩松和热裂纹,成品率低,镁合金变形件塑性加工条件控制困难,导致组织与力学性能不稳定。介绍了高性能镁合金材料(非稀土镁合金、含稀土镁合金、镁锂合金)及其成形技术(重力铸造、低压铸造、压铸、挤压铸造、半固态成形、塑性成形)的开发现状,综述了其在航天航空领域的应用状况,并展望了今后的发展趋势。     

板栅合金研究

本文通过查阅国内外几十种板栅合金配方，结合笔者的工作经验，在经过多次试验分析论证的基础上，找出了降低蓄电池水损耗的可行办法。采用本试验合金铸板，延长电池的使用寿命，达到了免维护电池的要求，每年可为生产企业增加可观的经济效益。