Z-A模型的修正及在预测本构关系中的应用

Zerilli-Armstrong(Z-A)模型是基于热激活位错运动理论建立的具有物理理论基础的本构模型,但是模型建立的初始假设,降低了其预测精度.为此通过引入考虑应变率和温度耦合效应的应变强化指数对Z-A模型进行修正,拓展了其适用范围,并将修正后的Z-A模型应用于描述IC10合金在不同温度和应变率条件下的塑性流变行为.与修正前Z-A模型的预测结果及试验结果比较表明:修正后Z-A模型的预测精度有较大程度的提高,最大平均相对误差值从6.41%降低到3.65%.      

PPT小卫星轨道转移任务分析

针对CAST968小卫星平台,结合HY-1卫星,分析了该卫星轨道转移任务的应用需求;对比HY-1卫星采用的单组元肼推力器,指出了脉冲等离子体推力器（Pulsed Plasma Thruster,PPT）的应用特点;根据该卫星平台的外形和结构参数,对星上轨道转移PPT的数量和工作方式进行了初步设计;基于PPT的研究现状和推进能力,对PPT的轨道转移方案进行了论证分析,计算了相关的轨道转移参数。研究表明,PPT可以适用于微小卫星小能量轨道转移任务,与传统的化学轨道转移推进系统相比,优势较明显。     

脉冲等离子体推力器的性能分析

脉冲等离子体推力器(PPT)的性能受多方面因素的影响,包括放电参数以及推力器本体结构等。通过对脉冲等离子体推力器的工作原理和物理学模型的分析,研究了PPT的效率、比冲、推力、元冲量、推功比等性能参数与电极结构、电气参数的关系,并设计了实验,对效率、比冲、元冲量等与放电能量、电极间距的关系进行了验证。结果表明,效率、比冲、元冲量均随放电能量的提高而增大,元冲量在电极间距为50 mm时大于间距为30 mm、40 mm时的值。根据实验结果,提出了设计高性能PPT的一些优化条件,对PPT的设计有参考意义。     

The Geology of Mercury: The View Prior to the MESSENGER Mission

Mariner 10 and Earth-based observations have revealed Mercury, the innermost of the terrestrial planetary bodies, to be an exciting laboratory for the study of Solar System geological processes. Mercury is characterized by a lunar-like surface, a global magnetic field, and an interior dominated by an iron core having a radius at least three-quarters of the radius of the planet. The 45% of the surface imaged by Mariner 10 reveals some distinctive differences from the Moon, however, with major contractional fault scarps and huge expanses of moderate-albedo Cayley-like smooth plains of uncertain origin. Our current image coverage of Mercury is comparable to that of telescopic photographs of the Earth’s Moon prior to the launch of Sputnik in 1957. We have no photographic images of one-half of the surface, the resolution of the images we do have is generally poor (∼1 km), and as with many lunar telescopic photographs, much of the available surface of Mercury is distorted by foreshortening due to viewing geometry, or poorly suited for geological analysis and impact-crater counting for age determinations because of high-Sun illumination conditions. Currently available topographic information is also very limited. Nonetheless, Mercury is a geological laboratory that represents (1) a planet where the presence of a huge iron core may be due to impact stripping of the crust and upper mantle, or alternatively, where formation of a huge core may have resulted in a residual mantle and crust of potentially unusual composition and structure; (2) a planet with an internal chemical and mechanical structure that provides new insights into planetary thermal history and the relative roles of conduction and convection in planetary heat loss; (3) a one-tectonic-plate planet where constraints on major interior processes can be deduced from the geology of the global tectonic system; (4) a planet where volcanic resurfacing may not have played a significant role in planetary history and internally generated volcanic resurfacing may have ceased at ∼3.8 Ga; (5) a planet where impact craters can be used to disentangle the fundamental roles of gravity and mean impactor velocity in determining impact crater morphology and morphometry; (6) an environment where global impact crater counts can test fundamental concepts of the distribution of impactor populations in space and time; (7) an extreme environment in which highly radar-reflective polar deposits, much more extensive than those on the Moon, can be better understood; (8) an extreme environment in which the basic processes of space weathering can be further deduced; and (9) a potential end-member in terrestrial planetary body geological evolution in which the relationships of internal and surface evolution can be clearly assessed from both a tectonic and volcanic point of view. In the half-century since the launch of Sputnik, more than 30 spacecraft have been sent to the Moon, yet only now is a second spacecraft en route to Mercury. The MESSENGER mission will address key questions about the geologic evolution of Mercury; the depth and breadth of the MESSENGER data will permit the confident reconstruction of the geological history and thermal evolution of Mercury using new imaging, topography, chemistry, mineralogy, gravity, magnetic, and environmental data.     

低功率变截面通道霍尔推力器电离特性

在不改变霍尔推力器特征尺寸的条件下为了提高其低功率时的性能,采用缩小通道局部通流面积的方法,利用增加电离区原子密度来提高工质利用率。实验结果表明,该方法能有效拓展低功率放电范围,控制工质电离过程,增加工质利用率,并提高霍尔推力器在低功率下的推力、比冲和效率性能。羽流发散角优化是后续变截面研究中需要重点关注的问题。     

非麦氏电子分布对霍尔推力器等离子体与壁面相互作用的影响

为深入分析霍尔推力器放电通道的非麦氏电子分布对等离子体与壁面相互作用的影响,采用一维非稳态鞘层动力学模型,统计了等离子体与壁面相互作用的重要物理量。结果表明,非麦氏电子分布函数和麦氏电子分布函数下等离子体与壁面相互作用存在很大差异,电子服从非麦氏电子分布时入射电子在壁面上的能量沉积,以及二次电子对主流区电子的冷却作用都明显弱于电子服从麦氏分布的情形。     

P70霍尔推力器新型缓冲腔磁路对预电离及放电的影响

为有效利用从P70霍尔推力器放电通道进入缓冲腔的快电子能量,考虑两个磁场特征以提高缓冲腔预电离率。一是提高磁感应强度,二是缓冲腔内从气体分配器到放电通道方向的负梯度。采用FEMM有限元磁场计算软件,在不改变推力器电离和加速通道内优化磁场特征的前提下,设计的新型缓冲腔磁路满足上述磁场特征。放电实验结果表明,在新型缓冲腔磁路下放电电流低频振荡幅值更小。新型磁路有助于延长推力器寿命,有助于电离和加速通道内电离与加速区的分离。     

离子束抛光定位精度分析

从理论上建立了离子束抛光中切向定位误差对加工残差影响的模型,分析发现了该误差对加工残差的影响与面形的梯度有关.特别地分析了定位误差对不同频率成份误差的影响规律,并进行了仿真研究,验证了残差大小与相对定位误差成正比这一结论.同时利用相对定位误差对残差影响理论,评价了KDIBF1600离子束抛光机的设计精度,机床设计精度满...     

草酸钠体系中Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al钛合金阳极氧化膜的制备与表征

对Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al钛合金在草酸钠为主盐的新型无氟环保电解液体系中的阳极氧化进行了研究,成功制备出阳极氧化膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等仪器研究了氧化膜的形貌、组成和相结构。采用电化学方法研究了阳极氧化后钛合金的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:膜层具有多孔结构,孔径范围在80nm～1μm之间。膜层的主要成分是无定形的TiO2,同时有锐钛矿相及金红石相TiO2的存在。阳极氧化后钛合金的耐蚀性有显著的提高。     

快速离子氮化渗氮层相组成和微观组织形貌研究

渗氮件的性能与渗氮层的化合物相组成和扩散层的微观结构密切相关。本文基于渗氮温度和氮势对渗氮层形成与分解的影响规律，借助X射线衍射分析和透射电子显微技术，对循环氮势快速离子氮化渗氮层相组成和微观组织形貌进行了深入研究，探讨了其快速渗氮的机理。结果表明，与常规离子渗氮工艺相比，通过周期地控制渗氮温度和氮势变化，快速离子渗氮不仅能显著地提高渗氮速度和增加材料的渗氮层深，而且使合金氮化物种类明显增多，扩散层中的沉淀硬化物也更细小弥散，有利于改善渗氮层质量和提高渗氮工件性能。