嫦娥一号月球探测卫星技术特点分析

嫦娥一号卫星是我国的第一个月球探测卫星,将飞行至距地球380000km的月球,实现环绕月球对其遥感探测。由于任务目标不同,嫦娥一号卫星将遇到比近地轨道卫星更复杂的空间环境和飞行控制过程,所以必须解决面临的所有新技术问题。文章介绍了嫦娥一号卫星在轨道设计、月食、热设计、制导导航、测控、数传等方面的技术特点及研制验证方法。     

“嫦娥一号”卫星真空热试验中的技术关键

"嫦娥一号"卫星是我国第一颗绕月探测卫星,由于其所处特殊的热环境,造成热控设计的复杂性,随之带来的是对卫星系统热控和真空热试验提出了很高的要求。该卫星在2005-2006年一年多的时间里完成了大量的整星、系统级及大部件的真空热试验,对现有的空间环境模拟试验技术是一个严峻的考验。文章分别从外热流模拟装置设计技术、热试验支架设计技术、数据测量与控制技术等方面所做的技术创新及其在"嫦娥一号"卫星系列真空热试验中的应用情况作了简要介绍。     

嫦娥一号卫星热控系统及其特点

对嫦娥一号卫星热控系统的设计进行了论述,并在此基础上提出了嫦娥一号卫星热控系统的设计特点,可为我国后续深空探测器热控系统的设计提供借鉴。     

New improved orbit solutions for the ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites

Improved orbit solutions of the European Remote Sensing Satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2 have been computed in the ITRF2005 terrestrial reference frame using the recent models based mainly on IERS Conventions 2003. These solutions cover the periods 3 August 1991 to 8 July 1996 for ERS-1, and 3 May 1995 to 4 July 2003 for ERS-2. For each satellite, the final orbit solution is based on a combination of three separate orbit solutions independently computed at the Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS) of the Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands), the Navigation Support Office of the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC, Germany) and the Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Germany) using three different software packages for precise orbit determination, but using the same models in the same terrestrial reference frame within the European Space Agency (ESA) project ‘Reprocessing of Altimeter Products for ERS (REAPER)’. Validation using radar altimeter data indicates that the new combined orbits of ERS-1 and ERS-2 computed by us are significantly more accurate, approaching the 2–3 cm level in radial direction, than previously available orbit solutions.     

Effect of microgravity on primordial germ cells (PGCs) in silk chicken offspring (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Primordial germ cells (PGCs), precursors of germline cells, display a variety of antigens during their migration to target gonads. Here, we used silk chicken offspring (Gallus gallus domesticus) embryos subjected to space microgravity to investigate the influence of microgravity on PGCs. The ShenZhou-3 unmanned spaceship carried nine fertilized silk chicken eggs, named the flight group, returned to Earth after 7 days space flight. And the control group has the same clan with the flight group. PGCs from flight and control group silk chicken offspring embryos were examined during migration by using two antibodies (2C9 and anti-SSEA-1), in combination with the horseradish peroxidase detection system, and using periodic acid-Schiff’s solution (PAS) reaction. After incubation for about 30 h, SSEA-1 and 2C9 positive cells were detected in the germinal crescent of flight and control group silk chicken offspring embryos. After incubation of eggs for 2–2.5 days, SSEA-1 and 2C9 positive cells were detected in embryonic blood vessels of flight and control group silk chicken offspring embryos. After incubation of eggs for 5.5 days, PGCs in the dorsal mesentery and gonad could also be identified in flight and control group silk chicken offspring embryos by using SSEA-1 and 2C9 antibodies. Based on location and PAS staining, these cells were identified as PGCs. Meanwhile, at the stage of PGCs migration and then becoming established in the germinal ridges, no difference in SSEA-1 or 2C9 staining was detected between female and male PGCs in flight and control group silk chicken offspring embryos. Although there were differences in the profiles of PGC concentration between male and female embryos during the special circulating stage, changing profile of PGCs concentration was similar in same sex between flight and control group offspring embryos. We concluded that there is little effect on PGCs in offspring embryos of microgravity-treated chicken and that PGC development appears to be normal.     

一种测试带压条件下MON-1饱和蒸汽压的新方法

为了解决采用一般方法不能测定带压条件下液体物质饱和蒸汽压的难题,研究、开发出一种新的测试方法。设计、加工了试验装置,实测得到一定温度和压力条件下MON-1的饱和蒸汽压值,并与拟合方程计算值和相关文献数据进行比较,结果表明该测试方法可行、精确、可靠。     

资源一号卫星X波段IR—MSS数传天线

一种北射双线螺旋天线在中巴合作研制的地球资源卫星上首次用作x波段IR－MSS（红外遥感）数传天线，替代了国际上惯用的赋形反射面天线。飞行试验表明，天线在轨工作正常，具有与赋形反射面天线相当的性能与功能。本文简要地介绍了该天线的设计和性能。     

CJ1飞行模拟机座舱设备仿真实现及常见故障排除

介绍了加拿大Mechtronix电子有限公司生产的CJ1飞行模拟机各类仿真座舱设备以及实现的原理,着重提出了针对各类故障的不同解决方案和步骤,以及使用这类设备的优缺点.     

近距-1协议在星间测距中的应用

针对近距航天器测距的需要,将CCSDS(空间数据系统咨询委员会)近距-1协议的定时业务与微波双向单程测距法相结合进行测距。该法以直序扩频技术来获得高精度传输帧ASM(附属同步标识)最后1位下降沿的时刻,并以时间码形式,通过帧数据域在测距星之间相互对传,综合考虑协议给出的信号物理特性,对所给出的方法进行了误差分析。分析表明,航天器之间距离不远,相对速度不大时,该法具有较高精度,且与数据通信共用1套设备,降低了成本。     

GMRT monitoring of Cyg X-1 and Cyg X-3

We present the results of low frequency radio observations of the X-ray binaries, Cygnus X-1 and Cygnus X-3, during different X-ray states. The low frequency observations were made for the first time for these sources at 0.61 and 1.28 GHz using the Giant Meter-wave Radio Telescope (GMRT) between 2003 and 2004. Both Cyg X-1 and Cyg X-3 are highly variable at low radio frequencies. We also compare our data with the observations at 15 GHz conducted by the Ryle telescope. Spectral turnover is seen for both the sources below 2 GHz. The data suggest that the change in the radio flux density in both the sources is correlated to the X-ray hardness ratio and follows a similar behavior pattern.