铝合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷膜的摩擦学性能及微观结构研究

在硅酸钠和氢氧化钾电解液中,利用微弧氧化方法,在2024铝合金上制备了陶瓷膜层。对膜层的显微硬度及结合强度进行了测定,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察分析了其结构形貌,用X射线衍射仪分析了陶瓷层的相组成,对陶瓷膜的摩擦、磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明,磨损量和摩擦系数都随时间降低,而且趋于平缓,最后基本稳定。陶瓷膜内含有γ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3相,膜层内外两相含量差异较大,主要是由于冷却速率不同的原因。陶瓷层在形成过程中,表面经历了一个熔融、凝固和冷却的过程。生成的陶瓷层由内向外可以分为过渡层、致密层和疏松层,陶瓷膜与基体的结合非常牢固,属于冶金结合。     

低碳钢Q235A搅拌摩擦焊接的接头金相组织分析

用钼合金搅拌头对3mm厚低碳钢Q235A钢板进行搅拌摩擦焊接,焊接过程中采用加辅助热源和无辅助热源两种情况,获得质量良好的焊接接头,焊接温度最高可达1000℃以上。切取焊缝区域制成试样,用光学显微镜观察其显微组织进行分析,发现焊缝接头分为母材区、热影响区及搅拌区三个明显区域,而热机械影响区不甚明显。热影响区主要为等轴晶粒铁素体和球化珠光体,搅拌区金属在焊接过程中因塑性变形发生动态再结晶,抑制了晶粒长大,冷却后获得细小的先共析铁素体、铁素体和珠光体组织。     

一种摩擦阻尼器在整体叶盘结构的应用

介绍了一种应用于整体叶盘结构的摩擦阻尼器,即在轮缘下方加工销孔,安装阻尼销.工作时,由于离心载荷的作用,阻尼销与轮缘相互摩擦,从而消耗振动能量.这种阻尼器被应用于两台发动机的涡轮整体叶盘减振方案中,试验结果显示:其减振效率差异较大.数值模拟分析证明,这种阻尼器的减振效率和振动能量在叶-盘间的传递有关.对于叶-盘强耦合振型,这种阻尼器可以获取较高的减振效率,叶片振动应力水平下降了约70%;但对于叶-盘弱耦合振型,叶片振动应力幅值没有明显下降趋势.      

发动机可调尾喷管灵活性预测及其影响因素研究

为了能够利用尾喷管同步环推力测试实验评估其合格率,提出了可调尾喷管灵活性仿真预测方法,并利用动力学模型研究了零件表面加工精度和几何公差对其灵活性的影响规律。结果表明:随着表面粗糙度等级的降低,可调尾喷管调节片与密封片之间的摩擦阻力增大;在尺寸公差为(-0.1,+0.1),零件几何尺寸越大,调节片与密封片之间的摩擦阻力越大;在表面粗糙度为不大于Ra6.3条件下,基于基本尺寸和最小极限尺寸建立的动力学模型能够满足伸展和收缩过程动作响应灵活性要求(0.2s内)。因此,为了满足可调尾喷管伸展和收缩灵活性要求,其各零件公差应控制在下偏差范围内,并相应提高表面加工质量。     

基于水下搅拌摩擦焊工艺制备高质量的铝合金焊接接头（英文）

本研究的目的是揭示水下/空气中制备的搅拌摩擦焊（Friction stir welding,FSW）接头的组织和力学性能。采用相同工艺参数（800 r/min,50 mm/min）对6061-T6铝合金板分别进行了水下和空气搅拌摩擦焊接,结果表明,相比传统的空气搅拌摩擦焊接工艺,水下搅拌摩擦焊工艺体现出强烈的细晶强化作用,大幅细化了焊后组织,且明显提高了焊后接头的抗拉强度。焊后接头的抗拉强度由空气搅拌摩擦焊接头的202.5 MPa提高到水下搅拌摩擦焊接头的232 MPa。     

高速干摩擦机械密封的端面变形及摩擦磨损

针对机械密封在高速干摩擦状态下,因设计不当产生端面过度变形和磨损而引起的密封失效问题,建立了热-结构耦合数值计算模型,分析了密封的温度场和端面变形。试验测试了静环温升,分析了动静环端面特征,探讨了高速干摩擦状态下的磨损机制。研究结果表明：建立的有限元模型能准确地预测密封的温度和端面变形,计算值和试验值相差小于11%;密封端面峰值温度对转速更敏感,随着运转时间的延长,温度先迅速增加后逐渐变缓;静环易产生锥度变形,造成端面接触压力和磨损不均匀,静环座的“匡正”作用能够改善这类变形;摩擦转移膜的存在状态对密封的温升、端面粗糙度起关键作用,动环表面喷涂Cr₂O₃等金属氧化物,能较好地保持致密的石墨转移膜,减轻密封的磨损。研究结果为机械密封的设计、优化和应用提供了基础。     

A practical nonlinear robust control approach of electro-hydraulic load simulator

This paper studies a nonlinear robust control algorithm of the electro-hydraulic load simulator （EHLS）. The tracking performance of the EHLS is mainly limited by the actuator＇s motion disturbance, flow nonlinearity, and friction, etc. The developed controller is developed based on the nonlinear motion loading model. The problems of the actuator＇s disturbance and flow nonlinearity are considered. To address the friction problem, the friction model of the loading motor is identified experimentally. The friction disturbance is compensated using the obtained friction model. Therefore, this paper considers the main three factors comprehensively. The developed algorithm is easy to apply since the controller can be obtained just with one step back-stepping design. The stability of the developed algorithm is proven via Lyapunov analysis. Both co-simulation and experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of this method.     

Application in prestiction friction compensation for angular velocity loop of inertially stabilized platforms

To overcome the influence of the nonlinear friction on the gimbaled servo-system of an inertial stabilized platforms(ISPs) with DC motor direct-drive, the methods of modeling and compensation of the nonlinear friction are proposed. Firstly, the inapplicability of LuGre model when trying to interpret the backward angular displacement in the prestiction regime is observed experimentally and the reason is deduced theoretically. Then, based on the dynamic model of direct-drive ISPs, a modified LuGre model is proposed to describe the characteristic of the friction in the prestiction regime. Furthermore, the state switch condition of the three friction regimes including presliding, gross sliding and prestiction is presented. Finally, a composite compensation controller including a nonlinear friction observer and a feedforward compensator based on the novel LuGre model is designed to restrain the nonlinear friction and to improve the control precision. Experimental results indicate that compared with those of the conventional proportion–integration–differentiation(PID) control method and the PID plus LuGre model-based friction compensation method, the dwell-time has decreased from 0.2 s to almost 0 s, the position error decreased to 86.7%and the peak-to-peak value of position error decreased to 80% after the novel compensation controller is added. It concludes that the composite compensation controller can greatly improve the control precision of the dynamic sealed ISPs.     

H-2B运载火箭贮箱制造技术与应用

为了提高H-2B火箭推进剂贮箱结构的可靠性,三菱重工在H-2B火箭燃料箱上采用了两种新技术,一是贮箱上采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW);另一个是采用旋压的方法使箱底整体成形。文中介绍了H-2B运载火箭贮箱制造的两种新技术开发的成果和今后的开发计划。