你"误会"流星了吗?

斗转星移,就在人们仍多少沉浸于2001年狮子座流星雨的回味与遐想之中时,日历已经翻到了2002年的下半年。基于计数观测,天文工作者发现:在一年中,下半年的流星总是比上半年的多。于是,进入下半年也就意味着观赏流星和流星雨的季节又到来了。但是对于流星这种古怪灵精的小东西,你了解它多少呢?其实有不少人都对它持有形形色色的错误认识呢。快看一看,你是否也曾经“误会”了流星?     

一种热电势的简易表达法

当具有不同温度分布的多种导体连接在一个环路中时,按照帕尔贴电势和汤姆逊电势分析环路中的总的热电势是困难的。选择一些导体作为标准电极,就能把总的热电势分成一系列单一导体的独立热电势,用这个方法,分析工作将变得十分简单。     

铝合金硫酸阳极化膜层颜色不均匀的研究

铝合金经硫酸阳极氧化后膜层出现颜色不均匀的现象，严重影响批产质量和进度；对影响铝合金硫酸阳极氧化膜层颜色不均匀的各种因素进行全面分析，并结合生产实际，提出切实可行的措施，有效地解决了氧化膜颜色不均匀的问题。     

Weibull分布可靠性试验与评估

本文从工程应用出发，提出了Weibull分布寿命产品，特别是大型复杂产品的可靠性试验安排与评估方法，对型号可靠性试验与评估工作具有一定的指导意义。     

转捩对超临界机翼压力分布的影响分析

介绍了风洞试验中的固定转捩形式以及使用限制，通过对某超临界机翼压力分布的试验与数值计算结果的比较，重点分析了不同位置的固定转捩对机翼压力分布的影响，并对出现的问题做了分析。     

典型隐身飞机的RCS起伏统计特性

雷达散射截面(RCS)起伏统计特性可以用来预测雷达的检测性能和评估飞机的散射特性。采用高频计算方法获取了6种典型隐身飞机在光学区8个频率点、两种极化方式、不同入射条件下的周向RCS统计数据。应用3种较新的起伏模型对统计数据进行拟合,通过对比分析各组数据的拟合效果,得出了各模型在数据拟合时存在的普遍规律:卡方(Chi-square)模型对概率密度分布曲线的峰值估计较为合理,对数正态模型容易将峰值高估,但在峰值之后卡方模型的拟合效果通常不如对数正态模型;统计数据均值的平方与方差之比越大(可达0.1~1.0),则卡方模型双自由度越大(可达1.1~1.5),拟合效果也越好,按Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验方法其误差在0.15~0.25范围内;统计数据的均值中值比越小(低至1.5~5.0),则对数正态模型拟合效果越好,误差在0.01~0.25范围内;在dB·m2单位制下,采用对数正态模型和勒让德多项式模型可以在更广的范围内更好地拟合各组数据,其拟合误差多在0.10以下。     

Analytic estimation and numerical modeling of actively cooled thermal protection systems with nickel alloys

Actively cooled thermal protection system has great influence on the engine of a hypersonic vehicle, and it is significant to obtain the thermal and stress distribution in the system. So an analytic estimation and numerical modeling are performed in this paper to investigate the behavior of an actively cooled thermal protection system. The analytic estimation is based on the electric analogy method and finite element analysis（FEA） is applied to the numerical simulation. Temperature and stress distributions are obtained for the actively cooled channel walls with three kinds of nickel alloys with or with no thermal barrier coating（TBC）. The temperature of the channel wall with coating has no obvious difference from the one with no coating, but the stress with coating on the channel wall is much smaller than that with no coating. Inconel X-750 has the best characteristics among the three Ni-based materials due to its higher thermal conductivity, lower elasticity module and greater allowable stress. Analytic estimation and numerical modeling results are compared with each other and a reasonable agreement is obtained.     

A novel method for importance measure analysis in the presence of epistemic and aleatory uncertainties

For structural systems with both epistemic and aleatory uncertainties, research on quantifying the contribution of the epistemic and aleatory uncertainties to the failure probability of the systems is conducted. Based on the method of separating epistemic and aleatory uncertainties in a variable, the core idea of the research is firstly to establish a novel deterministic transition model for auxiliary variables, distribution parameters, random variables, failure probability, then to propose the improved importance sampling(IS) to solve the transition model. Furthermore,the distribution parameters and auxiliary variables are sampled simultaneously and independently;therefore, the inefficient sampling procedure with an ‘‘inner-loop' for epistemic uncertainty and an‘‘outer-loop' for aleatory uncertainty in traditional methods is avoided. Since the proposed method combines the fast convergence of the proper estimates and searches failure samples in the interesting regions with high efficiency, the proposed method is more efficient than traditional methods for the variance-based failure probability sensitivity measures in the presence of epistemic and aleatory uncertainties. Two numerical examples and one engineering example are introduced for demonstrating the efficiency and precision of the proposed method for structural systems with both epistemic and aleatory uncertainties.