时频分析在超声导波信号分析中的应用

超声导波信号是一种非平稳信号,存在频散现象,利用传统的时域和频域分析方法不能揭示其频谱随时间变化的特点.为了解决这一问题,研究了导波信号的非平稳特征,介绍了短时傅里叶变换(STFT,Short-Time Fourier Transform)时频分析原理,分别对铝板试样和蜂窝板试样内传播的导波信号进行了STFT和时频谱分析,得出了铝板内导波信号中各频率成分随时间的变化情况,分析出导波信号的模式转换现象,比较精确地计算了导波的群速度;对于蜂窝板内的导波信号,由于能量泄露比较严重,当激励频率为1.5MHz时,A0模式只能近距离传播,这就使得采用STFT不能很好地进行模式识别.研究结果表明,当导波传播距离较远时,利用STFT可以对其信号进行动态的频谱分析和模式识别,并可对实际的群速度进行较精确的测量.     

MODIFIED LAYER REMOVAL METHOD FOR MEASUREMENT OF RESIDUAL STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN THICK PRE-STRETCHED ALUMINUM PLATE

The integrated structure parts are widely used in aircraft. The distortion caused by residual stresses in thick pre-stretched aluminum plates during machining integrated parts is a common and serious problem. To predict and control the machining distortion, the residual stress distribution in the thick plate must be measured firstly. The modified removal method for measuring residual stress in thick pre-stretched aluminum plates is proposed and the stress-strain relation matrix is deduced by elasticity theory. The residual stress distribution in specimen of 7050T7451 plate is measured by using the method, and measurement results are analyzed and compared with data obtained by other methods. The method is effective to measure the residual stress.