基于联合隐马尔科夫模型的SAR图像去噪方法

提出一种联合隐马尔科夫模型的SAR图像去噪方法。基于贝叶斯准则估计隐马尔科夫树状模型的参数集合,得到各小波系数的期望值和收缩系数;引入二阶马尔科夫随机场模型去除小波系数尺度内的相关性,根据每个小波系数邻域内所有小波系数的隐状态和收缩系数,计算得到新的收缩系数,并对各小波子带的小波系数进行收缩,从而有效复原无噪声图像。实验表明,方法具有很强的噪声抑制能力,相对隐马尔科夫模型大幅提高了等效视数,且较好地保持了边缘。     

尺寸放大对材料参数分布影响的估计方法及其指标

本文讨论了造成实际构件静强度材料参数比试件实验结果更具分散性的原因,主要是材料化学成分分散性增大、机械加工公差带来的分散性增大及热处理不均匀性带来的分散性增大。给出了估计尺寸放大对材料参数影响的一般方法和用试件实验结果估计实际构件材料参数的线性均方估计方法。提出了评价尺寸放大影响的指标:相关系数γ。以LC4的静强度极限σ_b为例进行了分析,说明方法是合理的。     

燃速催化剂对无铝推进剂点火性能的影响

用DSC法研究了几种无铝推进剂的常压热分解特性。分析了燃速馔化剂对其点火性能的影响。在RDX／AP／HTPB推进剂配方中，催化剂使RDX的表观分解速率增大，而实际上减少了氧化性气体的生成量，不利于燃烧反应。AP分解温度提前对改善推进剂的点火性能起主要作用。在AO／AP／HTPB推进剂配方中，AO抑制了AP的分解，而催化剂的存在加速了AP的高低温分解，缩短了热反馈时间，表观分解热升高是改善点火性能的主要原因。燃速催化剂自身的分解放热也有利于促进推进剂点火燃烧。     

基于区间估计与透射率自适应约束的去雾算法

针对去雾算法透射率估计不足与结果偏色等问题,提出了一种基于最小通道区间估计与透射率自适应约束模型的图像去雾算法。首先,采用不同尺寸最大值操作得到有雾图像的亮通道,并结合均值处理和频域滤波得到大气光估计;其次,从大气成像理论出发,以有雾图像最小通道为约束,分别以平面模型和自适应映射模型拟合无雾图像最小通道上下边界,并获得无雾图像最小通道和透射率初始估计;最后,对透射率作滤波平滑与自适应边界约束,得到优化透射率,并根据大气散射模型得到复原结果。实验表明:所提算法复原结果颜色自然、亮度适宜、去雾彻底、细节信息丰富且时间复杂度较低,有效解决了透射率估计不足和偏色等问题。      

Analytic estimation and numerical modeling of actively cooled thermal protection systems with nickel alloys

Actively cooled thermal protection system has great influence on the engine of a hypersonic vehicle, and it is significant to obtain the thermal and stress distribution in the system. So an analytic estimation and numerical modeling are performed in this paper to investigate the behavior of an actively cooled thermal protection system. The analytic estimation is based on the electric analogy method and finite element analysis（FEA） is applied to the numerical simulation. Temperature and stress distributions are obtained for the actively cooled channel walls with three kinds of nickel alloys with or with no thermal barrier coating（TBC）. The temperature of the channel wall with coating has no obvious difference from the one with no coating, but the stress with coating on the channel wall is much smaller than that with no coating. Inconel X-750 has the best characteristics among the three Ni-based materials due to its higher thermal conductivity, lower elasticity module and greater allowable stress. Analytic estimation and numerical modeling results are compared with each other and a reasonable agreement is obtained.     

Accurate single-observer passive coherent location estimation based on TDOA and DOA

This paper investigates the problem of target position estimation with a single-observer passive coherent location(PCL) system. An approach that combines angle with time difference of arrival(ATDOA) is used to estimate the location of a target. Compared with the TDOA-only method which needs two steps, the proposed method estimates the target position more directly. The constrained total least squares(CTLS) technique is applied in this approach. It achieves the Cramer–Rao lower bound(CRLB) when the parameter measurements are subject to small Gaussian-distributed errors. Performance analysis and the CRLB of this approach are also studied. Theory verifies that the ATDOA method gets a lower CRLB than the TDOA-only method with the same TDOA measuring error. It can also be seen that the position of the target affects estimating precision.At the same time, the locations of transmitters affect the precision and its gradient direction.Compared with the TDOA, the ATDOA method can obtain more precise target position estimation.Furthermore, the proposed method accomplishes target position estimation with a single transmitter,while the TDOA-only method needs at least four transmitters to get the target position. Furthermore,the transmitters' position errors also affect precision of estimation regularly.     

非圆实信号MIMO雷达中基于实值ESPRIT的角度估计

研究单基地多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达中的波达角(DOA)估计问题,提出了一种基于非圆(NC)实信号的实值旋转不变性信号参数估计(ESPRIT)算法.首先对接收信号进行降维变换,降低运算复杂度;之后根据非圆实信号特性构造中心Hermitian对称矩阵,通过酉(Unitary)变换将复数运算转为实数,进一步降低复杂度;最后根据ESPRIT得到角度估计.该算法无需谱峰搜索,运算复杂度较NC ESPRIT和Unitary ESPRIT大大降低,且该算法的角度估计性能优于后两种算法.论文分析了所提算法的复杂度,并推导了克拉美-罗界(CRB).仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

基于约束最小冗余线阵与干扰对消的测向方法

针对有源干扰背景下信号源和干扰源的个数超过线阵的自由度而产生线阵饱和现象,提出一种将约束最小冗余线阵与干扰对消技术相结合的测向方法。通过将无源状态和有源状态下线阵输出数据的协方差矩阵进行对消运算去除有源干扰和噪声分量,并对约束最小冗余线阵的波达方向(DOA)估计算法进行改进,构造了新的协方差Toeplitz矩阵,有效抑制了由阵列非均匀性导致的伪峰,提高了阵列的DOA估计性能。仿真结果表明:该算法在低信噪比背景下具有抗有源干扰能力,扩展了阵列孔径,并具有较高的测向精度和鲁棒性。