汽油液膜喷射和圆喷射雾化过程的PIV测量对比研究

利用PIV设备,在相同喷射压力和不同喷射脉冲下对分属液膜射流和圆形射流两种理论喷射类型的典型喷油器-涡旋喷孔和双喷孔喷油器的汽油雾化性能进行对比研究.研究表明:涡旋射流的油锥前锋以及外缘部分的油膜破碎均匀且雾化效果较好;双孔射流的雾化油滴粒子都集中分布在喷射中心线上,且油膜连接比较完整,雾化效果较差.涡旋射流雾化粒子的速度场分布比较膨胀和发散,而双孔射流的雾化粒子集中分布在中心线上(与浓度分布规律一致);相同时刻,双孔射流雾化粒子的速度绝对值最大值均明显大于涡旋喷孔.针对两种喷嘴都存在:喷射过程中越靠近喷嘴出口处的区域速度绝对值越大,而停喷后,高速区都集中在喷雾的前锋;在一定的喷射压力下,喷射结束时的贯穿距离与喷射脉宽基本呈正比关系.     

气动谐振加热效应的数值模拟

为研究谐振管内部的流动情况,建立了喷嘴-圆柱形谐振管系统的模型,利用二阶NND格式求解二维轴对称雷诺平均N-S方程,通过耦合求解传热方程在边界条件中考虑谐振管的传热,模拟气动谐振加热效应,得到了谐振管底部气体的压力与温度振荡曲线,计算结果与实验结果较为一致.结果表明,在约20 ms内即可完成对谐振管底部气体的谐振加热,且谐振管的传热是影响气动谐振加热温度的重要因素,在数值模拟中对其加以考虑可以提高计算准确性.      

高低温环境模拟系统MATLAB仿真研究

在MATLAB仿真软件平台上,针对高低温环境模拟系统,首先以建立系统动态仿真模型为目的,以单个设备为基本模块,以状态、质量连续、能量守恒、动量守恒等方程为基础,以MS-Function函数与封装模块为基本方法,建立了高低温环境模拟系统MATLAB仿真模型库,然后在此基础上搭建了实际系统仿真模型,最后采用MATLAB图形窗口、ActiveX数据传输技术相结合的设计方法开发了系统仿真应用软件.实践证明该方法效率高,仿真研究及所开发的系统仿真软件都具有较好的扩展性和延续性.      

后掠翼对细长体中段大迎角绕流的影响

采用在细长体顶点处添加扰动块的方式使细长体的绕流具有确定性.研究了在大迎角下,后 掠翼对细长体绕流结构和气动力特性的影响.实验结果表明,在30°迎角时,细长体中段背 风侧的流动和压力分布受到后掠翼与头部背涡的双重控制.在迎角α=40°~60°范围内 , 后掠翼对细长体中段绕流起主控作用,使细长体中段背风侧流动呈现完全分离流状态,使得 中段背风侧的压力分布保持为均值.      

采用GPS或INS／运动方程确定气动力变轨段导航信息

基于航天器气动力辅助变轨的基准飞行轨道,提出采用ＧＰＳ（或ＩＮＳ）／运动方程来确定航天器的六自由度导航信息。采用航天器高超音速空气动力的近似计算公式,导出了ＧＰＳ（或ＩＮＳ）／运动方程导航方案的滤波方程、观测方程等。数字仿真表明,ＧＰＳ（或ＩＮＳ）／运动方程导航方案的精度高于ＧＰＳ或ＩＮＳ,而且较单纯的ＧＰＳ或ＩＮＳ增加了导航信息冗余度。     

溅板式喷嘴雾化特性的试验研究

利用自行设计的溅板式喷嘴进行了雾化试验;测量了单喷嘴、喷注单元的液滴平均直径分布及其喷雾角;计算了喷注单元撞击角;分析了各层板片数的变化对雾化性能的影响。得出的结论对溅板式喷嘴的设计和改进有重要的参考价值。     

亚超剪切混合层燃油雾化特性试验研究

为了摸清亚超大梯度剪切混合层内直射式喷嘴的燃油雾化特性,设计了用于向亚超剪切混合流中进行燃油喷射的直射式喷嘴,建立了亚超剪切混合层中燃油雾化试验系统。利用粒子图像测速系统（PIV）,对亚超大梯度混合层中油雾场进行测量。通过改变喷嘴流量、喷射角度和喷嘴数量研究不同参数对雾化特性的影响,并应用图像处理技术对亚超大梯度剪切混合层内的油雾场进行分析,总结归纳其雾化规律。试验结果显示：随着流量增大,穿透深度会随之增大,破碎后的颗粒分布峰值所对应的液滴直径会逐渐变小,雾化效果提升;相同流量条件下,喷嘴的角度改变对雾化效果有影响,顺喷和逆喷的雾化效果均好于垂直喷射;逆喷的喷射高度最高,随着流量的增长,燃料将会碰壁;顺喷条件下,随着角度的增加,穿透长度会有所增加;综合燃油轨迹边界,逆喷的效果相对较好。相同流量条件下,喷孔个数的改变对雾化效果和穿透深度的影响不大。     

WAKE GEOMETRY CALCULATIONS FOR TILT-ROTOR USING VISCOUS VORTEX METHOD

A tilt-rotor unsteady flow analytical method has been developed based upon viscous vortex-particle meth- od. In this method, the vorticity field is divided into small assembled vortex particles. Vortex motion and diffusion are obtained by solving the velocity-vorticity-formed incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using a grid-free La- grangian simulation method. Generation of the newly vortex particles is calculated by using the Weissinger-L lifting surface model. Furthermore, in order to significantly improve computational efficiency, a fast multiple method （FMM） is introduced into the calculation of induced velocity and its gradient. Finally, the joint vertical experimen- tal （JVX） tilt-rotor is taken as numerical examples to analyze. The wake geometry and downwash are investigated for both hover and airplane modes. The proposed method for tilt-rotor flow analysis is verified by comparing its re- sults with those available measured data. Comparison indicates that the current method can accurately capture the complicated tilt-rotor wake variation and be suitable for aerodynamic interaction simulation in complex environ- ments. Additionally, the aerodynamic interactional characteristics of dual-rotor wake are discussed in different ro- tor distance. Results show that there are significant differences on interactional characteristics between hover mode and airplane mode.     

SIMULATION OF COMPOSITE NON-LINEAR MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF CMCS BY FEM-BASED MULTI- SCALE APPROACH

The non-linear behavior of continuous fiber reinforced C/SiC ceramic matrix composites （CMCs） under tensile loading is modeled by three-dimensional representative volume element （RVE） models of the composite. The theoretical background of the multi-scale approach solved by the finite element method （FEM） is recalled first- ly. Then the geometric characters of three kinds of damage mechanisms, i.e. micro matrix cracks, fiber/matrix interface debonding and fiber fracture, are studied. Three kinds of RVE are proposed to model the microstructure of C/SiC with above damage mechanisms respectively. The matrix cracking is modeled by critical matrix strain en- ergy （CMSE） principle while a maximum shear stress criterion is used for modeling fiber/matrix interface debond- ing. The behavior of fiber fracture is modeled by the famous Weibull statistic theory. A numerical example of con- tinuous fiber reinforced C/SiC composite under tensile loading is performed. The results show that the stress/ strain curve predicted by the developed model agrees with experimental data.