侧风环境下行驶的直背式轿车气动力计算

分别对直背式简化轿车模型在无侧风、稳态侧风、非稳态侧风三种条件下汽车周围流场进行了数值模拟,并对汽车受到的气动力进行了计算.结果表明,定常侧风会产生较大侧向力,阻力和升力也有一定增加;在非定常侧风作用下,气动力变化趋势与侧风速率变化趋势基本相同.阻力增大幅度较为平缓,侧向力增大较为显著,升力处于两者之间.当侧风增大到一定速率后,车外流场会发生较大变化,尾涡会转变为侧向涡.      

WAKE GEOMETRY CALCULATIONS FOR TILT-ROTOR USING VISCOUS VORTEX METHOD

A tilt-rotor unsteady flow analytical method has been developed based upon viscous vortex-particle meth- od. In this method, the vorticity field is divided into small assembled vortex particles. Vortex motion and diffusion are obtained by solving the velocity-vorticity-formed incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using a grid-free La- grangian simulation method. Generation of the newly vortex particles is calculated by using the Weissinger-L lifting surface model. Furthermore, in order to significantly improve computational efficiency, a fast multiple method （FMM） is introduced into the calculation of induced velocity and its gradient. Finally, the joint vertical experimen- tal （JVX） tilt-rotor is taken as numerical examples to analyze. The wake geometry and downwash are investigated for both hover and airplane modes. The proposed method for tilt-rotor flow analysis is verified by comparing its re- sults with those available measured data. Comparison indicates that the current method can accurately capture the complicated tilt-rotor wake variation and be suitable for aerodynamic interaction simulation in complex environ- ments. Additionally, the aerodynamic interactional characteristics of dual-rotor wake are discussed in different ro- tor distance. Results show that there are significant differences on interactional characteristics between hover mode and airplane mode.     

SIMULATION OF COMPOSITE NON-LINEAR MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF CMCS BY FEM-BASED MULTI- SCALE APPROACH

The non-linear behavior of continuous fiber reinforced C/SiC ceramic matrix composites （CMCs） under tensile loading is modeled by three-dimensional representative volume element （RVE） models of the composite. The theoretical background of the multi-scale approach solved by the finite element method （FEM） is recalled first- ly. Then the geometric characters of three kinds of damage mechanisms, i.e. micro matrix cracks, fiber/matrix interface debonding and fiber fracture, are studied. Three kinds of RVE are proposed to model the microstructure of C/SiC with above damage mechanisms respectively. The matrix cracking is modeled by critical matrix strain en- ergy （CMSE） principle while a maximum shear stress criterion is used for modeling fiber/matrix interface debond- ing. The behavior of fiber fracture is modeled by the famous Weibull statistic theory. A numerical example of con- tinuous fiber reinforced C/SiC composite under tensile loading is performed. The results show that the stress/ strain curve predicted by the developed model agrees with experimental data.     

WIFI AIDED INTEGRITY IMPROVEMENT IN MEMS INS/GNSS INTEGRATION

The reliability of global navigation satellite system （GNSS） positioning degrades when satellite signals are interfered. Such degradation is hard to be deteced by a micro-electro mechanical system （MEMS） based inertial system（INS）/GNSS, integrating navigation system with a conventional Kalman filtering, which results in poten- tial integrity problem of the system. Hence, an algorithm combining wireless fidelity （WiFi） signal with a federa- ted Kalman filter （FKF） is proposed to identify the system integrity in dense urban navigation. The criterion of the system integrity detection is created followed by the derivation of the integrity coefficient. The field test shows that integrity changes can be captured by applying WiFi, and the maximum positioning error is reduced by 67~ without compensation of inertial sensors in integrity deterioration.     

螺旋桨滑流对飞机纵向气动特性的影响研究

采用螺旋桨飞机动力模拟风洞试验技术及粒子图像测速技术,研究双发常规布局涡桨飞机的螺旋桨滑流对飞机纵向气动特性的影响规律。通过测力风洞试验研究螺旋桨不同位置处滑流对飞机的升阻特性、力矩特性及平尾下洗等纵向气动特性的影响,利用PIV技术研究测力试验优选桨盘位置的飞机部件典型剖面受滑流影响时的流场变化情况。研究结果表明,螺旋桨下沉后滑流对飞机升阻特性的不利影响最明显,螺旋桨前伸和安装角由正变负时滑流对飞机的升阻特性均有改善,而螺旋桨前伸在飞机失速迎角附近对升力特性的改善更为明显。     

“三叉戟”直升飞艇

传统的飞艇体态过于肥胖,不管怎样改造都克服不了对速度的致命影响。所以,飞艇与固定翼飞机的结合似乎不太可能。除了肥胖影响速度外,由高速产生的巨大气动力对飞艇骨架结构强度的影响也非常可观。所以我认为,飞艇的气囊装在固定翼飞机上不是个好办法。但是直升机就大有机会了!因此,我的设计思路是:用直升机的     

螺旋桨飞机起飞构型突风影响研究

对于小迎角纵向静不稳定飞机,突风给飞机带来显著的安全隐患,为此,结合飞行品质规范中的突风模型,给出不同概率和不同高度下的突风速度。针对某螺旋桨飞机,计算分析垂直向上和向下突风所引起的飞机迎角变化,获得了起飞状态下可行的飞行速度和高度范围。研究结果表明,垂直向下突风显著地削弱了该类飞机的纵向静稳定性;垂直向上突风显著地减小了其安全迎角裕度。     

航天飞机驮机空气动力学——航天飞机的空气动力学问题之七

根据美国航天飞机驮机空气动力学的研究结果,本文简要地介绍了轨道器/驮机空气动力学的高阶面元法理论计算,风洞模型试验,仿真和飞行试验。风洞模型试验是建立轨道器/驮机气动数据库的基础,仿真是确定分离程序和训练驾驶员的有效方法,飞行试验是轨道器/驮机的驮运、分离和进场着陆气动性能的最后验证。研究试验表明:飞行试验与风洞试验和仿真结果符合得较好。合理地改装现有大型运输机,可以较好地完成航天飞机轨道器的驮运和进场着陆试验任务。     

高超声速气动试验的新进展

本文报导了1992年7月在美国纳希维尔召开的 AIAA 第17届航空航天地面试验会议的概况。简要地介绍了讨论航空航天地面试验面临的技术挑战,CFD 和地面试验的相互作用,美国气动力学与气动热力学研究的未来等三个大会报告的内容。介绍了在会议报告中叙述的对高超声速气动试验的新要求和自由飞弹道靶、 脉冲风洞、稀薄气体设备、电弧加热器的新进展。最后,对我国高超声速气动试验的发展提出了建议。