空气预冷发动机及微小通道流动传热研究综述

首先针对发动机空气预冷系统的特点,将现有的预冷机制分为四种类型,包括燃料预冷、质量喷注预压缩冷却、燃料预冷和质量喷注预压缩冷却组合预冷以及其他流体预冷,并分别介绍了每种预冷机制的代表性发动机循环以及技术特点。调研发现,微小通道结构的预冷器具有很高的散热能力和紧凑度,优势显著。英国Skylon空天飞机的预冷却组合循环发动机（SABRE）其微通道结构预冷器具有极高换热能力。对SABRE的预冷器及相关研究进行详细分析,强调微小通道强化换热对提高发动机性能的重要作用。通过对微小通道中单相气态流动换热研究的调研发现,微尺度流动传热机理仍存在诸多分歧,理论发展不完善,需要深入开展微小通道强化传热研究,尤其对于高速高内外温差条件下微小尺度复杂结构空间内流动传热机理需要深入探索。     

Computational aerodynamic analysis on perimeter reinforced （PR）-compliant wing

Abstract Implementing the morphing technique on a micro air vehicle （MAV） wing is a very chal- lenging task, due to the MAWs wing size limitation and the complex morphing mechanism. As a result, understanding aerodynamic characteristics and flow configurations, subject to wing structure deformation of a morphing wing MAV has remained obstructed. Thus, this paper presents the investigation of structural deformation, aerodynamics performance and flow formation on a pro- posed twist morphing MAV wing design named perimeter reinforced （PR）-compliant wing. The numerical simulation of two-way fluid structure interaction （FSI） investigation consist of a quasi- static aeroelastic structural analysis coupled with 3D incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier- Stokes and shear-stress-transport （RANS-SST） solver utilized throughout this study. Verification of numerical method on a rigid rectangular wing achieves a good correlation with available exper- imental results. A comparative aeroelastic study between PR-compliant to PR and rigid wing per- formance is organized to elucidate the morphing wing performances. Structural deformation results show that PR-compliant wing is able to alter the wing＇s geometric twist characteristic, which has directly influenced both the overall aerodynamic performance and flow structure behavior. Despite the superior lift performance result, PR-compliant wing also suffers from massive drag penalty, which has consequently affected the wing efficiency in general. Based on vortices investigation, the results reveal the connection between these aerodynamic performances with vortices formation on PR-comoliant wing.     

Investigation of longitudinal aerodynamic parameters identification method for fly-by-wire passenger airliners

The flight control system of a fly-by-wire （FBW） passenger airliner with a complex frame-work and high feedback gain augmentation would change the original characteristic of a loaded signal and suppress the excitation of an airplane＇s pertinent motion modes. Taking a research example of an FBW passenger airliner model with longitudinal relaxed-static-stability, a new method of signal type selection and signal parameter design is proposed, through analysis of signal energy distribution and plane body＇s frequency response. According to CCAR60--the Appraisal and Use Regulation of Flight Simulator Device, the simulation validation of the FBW passenger airliner＇s longitudinal aerodynamic parameters identification is put forward. The validation result indicates that the designed signal could excite the longitudinal motion mode of the FBW passenger airliner adequately and the multiparameter comparison in simulation meets the objective test request of CCAR60. Meanwhile, the relative errors of aerodynamic parameters are less than 10%.     

我的新家在月球

一眨眼,又过了20年,我现在已经是一个年轻貌美的大姑娘了。我在月球上有了一间自己的房子,房子可漂亮了,下面我就带你们去看一看吧。我的房子里有很多新奇的按钮,分为黄、绿、蓝三种颜色,它们的用处大不相同。黄色的按钮是房子的空气调节器,夏天房子里很凉爽,而且冰箱里还会有永远喝不完的果汁和饮料;     

CFD技术在航空发动机空气系统设计中的应用

结合航空发动机空气系统的功能和设计特点,介绍了空气系统的设计分析技术现状;以2种发动机典型结构为例,采用商用CFD软件完成了流动与换热特性分析。CFD技术是现有分析技术的有益补充,是空气系统设计分析技术精细设计的重要工具,其数值模拟结果对工程设计具有指导意义。     

预测悬停旋翼跨音速流动的一种组合自由层流／CFD方法

一种新的组合自由尾流/CFD方法用于悬停旋翼流动的CFD解中以考虑实际尾流的作用。用中描述的尾流分析方法研究了螺旋尖涡的运动。首先从广尾流模型开始，用半经验公式模式化涡核对旋翼尾流的作用；然后在环量收敛和尾迹收敛的条件下完成了自由尾迹计算；最后就用Jameson有限体积龙格-库塔推进格式求解了欧拉方程。所得结果与相关献和实验数据进行了比较。     

空气涡轮火箭发动机起动过程推进剂供应及尾喷管面积变化规律研究

为了认识固体推进剂空气涡轮火箭发动机推进剂供应快慢和尾喷管面积变化对发动机起动过程产生的影响,采用容积法建立了考虑工质变比热及化学平衡的发动机动态模型,通过给定不同的推进剂供应速率、尾喷管喉部面积大小及尾喷管喉部面积随转速变化速率,模拟了发动机各工况下的起动过程,对比分析了这些参数对发动机起动时间、共同工作线位置的影响规律。研究发现,增加推进剂供应速率会使发动机起动时间降低,但压气机更接近喘振边界,当尾喷管喉部面积较小时,尾喷管会出现壅塞现象,导致压气机喘振。在此基础上,给出了采用较快推进剂供应速率和尾喷管喉部面积随转速升高而增大相结合的调节方法,使压气机在避免喘振的同时远离堵塞边界,实现了发动机的快速安全起动。     

编与读

读者朋友们:《读者园地》是广大航空爱好者畅谈理想,抒发对航空航天的热爱之情,广交朋友的平台。您可以将自己对杂志的意见和建议,将工作、学习、生活中的所想所感,对未来航空航天飞行器的设想,航空航天书法绘画摄影作品和收藏品以及需要我们解答的各种问题,通过邮箱传递给我们。我们也会根据来信内容的不同,组织相应人员进行回复或摘登。E-Mail:hkzszz@163.com     

电阻加热器在超声速燃烧研究中的应用

建立了采用连续式电阻加热器的超声速燃烧室直连式试验平台,介绍了该试验平台的调试结果,可以满足飞行马赫数约3.0～4.5时进行超声速燃烧的试验要求.自行设计了采用凹槽火焰稳定器的超声速燃烧室试验模型,在超声速燃烧室直连式试验平台上,进行了来流总温约1 000 K,马赫数约2.0条件下氢气燃料的燃烧试验,研究了氢气与来流空气的当量油气比对超声速燃烧室内燃烧情况的影响.并在此基础上开展了氢气引燃煤油的点火试验研究,研究了氢气和煤油的喷射位置、喷孔直径等对煤油点火性能的影响.      

Aerodynamic Design and Analysis of a Low-reaction Axial Compressor Stage

There is introduced a new low-reaction, highly-loaded axial compressor design concept which is coupled with boundary layer suction method. The characteristic features of the concept are made clear through its comparison with the MIT boundary layer suction compressor. Also are pointed out the potential applications of this concept as well as its key technological problems. Based on this concept, a single-stage, low-reaction and low-speed axial compressor is constructed in association with analysis and computation of boundary layer suction on vanes with the aid of a three-dimensional numerical approach. The results attest to the effectiveness of this way to control separation in blade cascades by the boundary layer suction and the feasibility of this proposed design concept.