面向高速切削加工的数控编程技术

分析高速切削加工所具有的特殊性及优点,并说明高速切削对数控编程方法的限制.针对传统编程方法,提出了满足高速切削加工的刀位轨迹特殊处理关键技术,并对其实现方法进行了较详尽的论述.同时,对高速切削数控编程中刀具载荷分析与速率优化、毛坯残留量自动分析等新技术的实现方法也进行了探讨.     

不同载荷条件下翼面结构传力特性设计方法

<正>结构型式的选择是结构设计的首要环节,现代机翼结构选型的方法主要有传力分析方法和有限元方法。国内外关于机翼结构选型都做了很多研究:NASA构造了ELAPS方法在结构设计的初步阶段估算结构的重量,为结构的选型提供依据。张永顺等得到了不同结构型式之间的重量和费用隶属函数。张振伟等人对机翼结构型式和相关影响参数进行了统计分析,得到了不同机翼结构型式相关参数的取值范围。随着计算机技术的突飞猛进,大型高度集成化软件平台在飞机设计中的深入应用,各种编     

FADS系统参数的解算和校正方法

<正>嵌入式大气数据传感(Flush Airdata Sensing,FADS)系统是一种通过嵌入在飞行器前端或者机翼前缘的压力传感器阵列来测量飞行器表面测压孔的压力,并由测得的测压孔压力通过特定的解算算法来获得大气数据的传感系统。1 FADS系统的空气动力学模型通过将位势流模型与修正的牛顿流模型用形压系数ε相结合得到FADS的空气动力学模型。形压系数ε是马赫数Ma∞、当地迎角αe与当地侧滑角βe的函数。入射     

基于偏相关性分析的多设计要求快速优化设计方法

针对飞行器气动外形优化设计中的多设计点、多目标、多工程约束等多设计要求问题,提出了一种新优化设计方法———多设计要求快速优化设计方法。该方法立足于统计学中的偏相关性分析和线性回归理论,通过对设计变量和设计要求进行偏相关性分析,采用线性回归的方法构建设计变量与设计要求之间的转换模型,将多个设计要求转化为对设计变量的约束,从而简化了优化设计模型,减少了优化过程中调用求解器次数,提高了优化效率。利用该方法对RAE 2822和HSNLF(1)-0213翼型进行了多设计要求优化设计算例验证,并将优化结果与Pareto多目标优化方法结果进行对比,结果证明了本文方法的有效性和可靠性。     

一种快速模拟振荡叶栅非定常流的数值方法

为了提高叶轮机内周期性非定常流数值计算效率,发展了一种计算振荡叶栅非线性非定常流的谐波平衡方法,将周期性非定常流动参数采用傅里叶级数表示,从而将传统的定常流动数值计算方法应用于非定常流问题求解中,大大提高了非定常流计算效率。计算结果表明,发展的谐波平衡方法与线性方法、非线性时域法计算结果吻合较好,且其计算效率比时域法高1个数量级。另外,系统研究了谐波阶次对计算效率与计算精度的影响,认为在气流未出现严重分离时,应采用低阶谐波平衡方法,以减少计算耗时。此外,从压气机振荡叶栅非定常流场计算结果可以看出,叶片吸力面诱导涡的生成频率与振荡频率并不一致,涡生成频率要高于振荡频率。     

飞行数据记录方法的改进

在飞行事故调查过程中,黑匣子记录内容不全、黑匣子破损、甚至黑匣子无法找到的事件时有发生。马航MH370航班失联,引发人们对黑匣子的高度关注。今年国际民航组织（ICAO）在关于全球追踪的多专业会议上提出了一种带有应急定位发射机的可弹出式记录仪方案,它被认为是今后的一个发展方向。     

解耦N-S/DSMC方法计算推力器真空羽流的边界条件研究

准确模拟羽流流场是合理评估空间推力器真空羽流效应的基础。因羽流流场同时包含连续和稀薄两种流动机理,通常采用解耦方式的Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程和直接模拟蒙特卡罗(DSMC)混合方法对其进行模拟。为保证解耦N-S/DSMC方法应用于羽流计算时的准确性并尽量提高其计算效率,对计算中的DSMC入口和喷管壁面等边界条件设置问题开展了研究。通过与文献中低总压工况的羽流试验数据比较,确定了合理设置DSMC入口边界位置、壁面反射类型、壁温等边界条件的方法。针对将此方法应用于实际推力器工况计算时效率过低的问题,通过多种数值试验,表明从喷管出口处开始沿KnGL为0.05的等值线作为DSMC入口界面可同时保证仿真精度和较高的计算效率;并证明实际工况下壁温设置对羽流场仿真结果影响不大。     

Multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for emission and cost reductions

Pollutant gases emitted from the civil jet are doing more and more harm to the environ- ment with the rapid development of the global commercial aviation transport. Low environmental impact has become a new requirement for aircraft design. In this paper, estimation method for emis- sion in aircraft conceptual design stage is improved based on the International Civil Aviation Orga- nization （ICAO） aircraft engine emissions databank and the polynomial curve fitting methods. The greenhouse gas emission （CO2 equivalent） per seat per kilometer is proposed to measure the emis- sions. An approximate sensitive analysis and a multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for tradeoff between greenhouse effect and direct operating cost （DOC） are performed with five geom- etry variables of wing configuration and two flight operational parameters. The results indicate that reducing the cruise altitude and Mach number may result in a decrease of the greenhouse effect but an increase of DOC. And the two flight operational parameters have more effects on the emissions than the wing configuration. The Pareto-optimal front shows that a decrease of 29.8% in DOC is attained at the expense of an increase of 10.8% in greenhouse gases.     

Flutter analysis of an airfoil with nonlinear damping using equivalent linearization

The equivalent linearization method （ELM） is modified to investigate the nonlinear flut- ter system of an airfoil with a cubic damping. After obtaining the linearization quantity of the cubic nonlinearity by the ELM, an equivalent system can be deduced and then investigated by linear flut- ter analysis methods. Different from the routine procedures of the ELM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of limit cycle oscillation （LCO） is chosen as an active increment to produce bifurca- tion charts. Numerical examples show that this modification makes the ELM much more efficient. Meanwhile, the LCOs obtained by the ELM are in good agreement with numerical solutions. The nonlinear damping can delay the occurrence of secondary bifurcation. On the other hand, it has marginal influence on bifurcation characteristics or LCOs.     

Accuracy enhancement of the spherical actuator with a two-level geometric calibration method

This paper presents a two-level geometric calibration method for the permanent magnet （PM） spherical actuator to improve its motion control accuracy. The proposed actuator is com- posed of a stator with circumferential coils and a rotor with multiple PM poles. Due to the assembly and fabrication errors, the real geometric parameters of the actuator will deviate from their design values. Hence, the identification of such errors is critical for the motion control tasks. A two-level geometric calibration approach is proposed to identify such errors. In the first level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of the kinematic equation, which is to identify the geometric errors in the spherical joint. In the second level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of torque formula, which is to calibrate the geometric parameters of the magnetization axes of PM poles and coils axes. To demonstrate the robustness and availability of the calibration algorithm, simulations are conducted. The results have shown that the proposed two-level calibration method can effectively compensate the geometric parameter errors and improve the positioning accuracy of the spherical actuator.