渗层深度与钢表面碳吸收速率的数学模型

本文研究了在渗碳过程中钢表面碳浓度和其中碳浓度分布的影响因素并给出了予测其表面碳吸收速率的扩散方程。通过计算证明:碳表面吸收速率和渗碳时间的关系,在双对数坐标图中接近于直线,其斜率和截距取决于渗碳气氛、碳势和渗碳深度。这些双对数直线关系对于研究渗碳过程具有重要意义。     

C/C喷管喉衬烧蚀计算与分析

C/C喷管喉衬烧蚀预示是目前固体火箭发动机喷管热防护设计中遇到的一个重要问题.本文用两方程及三方程两种模型,分别对某固体火箭发动机四种状态下C/C喉衬进行热化学烧蚀计算.计算结果表明,在燃气组分H_2浓度较高的情况下,三方程模型的烧蚀预示值与试验数据吻合良好,相对误差的最大值不超过±15%.因此,忽略ZC~(?)+H_2反应是不合适的.本文提供的方法可推广到整个碳基材料喷管的热化学烧蚀计算.     

热解碳界面层与国产T300 增韧SiC 复合材料拉伸性能关联性初探

在国产T300碳纤维上沉积不同厚度的热解碳形成界面层,通过前驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备“迷你”Cf/SiC复合材料,考察了T300碳纤维在相同工艺过程中其界面层厚度的最优工艺参数,并研究了热解碳界面层与“迷你”复合材料拉伸性能的关联性.采用SEM与Raman手段对Cf/SiC复合材料进行结构表征.结果表明:该复合材料有明显的裂纹偏转,经高温热处理后界面层状结构更加明显,其复合材料的拉伸强度随热解碳厚度的增加其值有先增加后减小的趋势(PyC的厚度在0～150 nm),当界面层厚度约为60 nm时达到最大值(1 385.7 MPa).     

Damage characteristics and constitutive modeling of the 2D C/Si C composite: Part I – Experiment and analysis

This paper reports an experimental investigation on the macroscopic mechanical behaviors and damage mechanisms of the plain-woven(2D) C/Si C composite under in-plane on- and offaxis loading conditions. Specimens with 15, 30, and 45 off-axis angles were prepared and tested under monotonic and incremental cyclic tension and compression loads. The obtained results were compared with those of uniaxial tension, compression, and shear specimens. The relationships between the damage modes and the stress state were analyzed based on scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) observations and acoustic emission(AE) data. The test results reveal the remarkable axial anisotropy and unilateral behavior of the material. The off-axis tension test results show that the material is fiber-dominant and the evolution rate of damage and inelastic strain is accelerated under the corresponding combined biaxial tension and shear loads. Due to the damage impediment effect of compression stress, compression specimens show higher mechanical properties and lower damage evolution rates than tension specimens with the same off-axis angle. Under cyclic tension–compression loadings, both on-axis and off-axis specimens exhibit progressive damage deactivation behaviors in the compression range, but with different deactivation rates.     

Cleaning space debris with a space-based laser system

High-energy pulsed laser radiation may be the most feasible means to mitigate the threat of collision of a space station or other valuable space assets with orbital debris in the size range of 1–10 cm. Under laser irradiation, part of the debris material is ablated and provides an impulse to the debris particle. Proper direction of the impulse vector either deflects the object trajectory or forces the debris on a trajectory through the upper atmosphere, where it burns up. Most research concentrates on ground-based laser systems but pays little attention to space-based laser systems.There are drawbacks of a ground-based laser system in cleaning space debris. Therefore the placement of a laser system in space is proposed and investigated. Under assumed conditions,the elimination process of space debris is analyzed. Several factors such as laser repetition frequency, relative movement between the laser and debris, and inclination of debris particles which may exercise influence to the elimination effects are discussed. A project of a space-based laser system is proposed according to the numerical results of a computer study. The proposed laser system can eliminate debris of 1–10 cm and succeed in protecting a space station.     

基于离散元的粉末燃料输送弯管两相流特性研究

弯管是粉末燃料冲压发动机燃料输送系统的重要组成部分,为了研究弯管内气固两相流的流场结构、颗粒碰撞以及压力损失的变化规律,基于连续相-离散元（CFD-DEM）耦合模型,考虑颗粒的碰撞受力和弹塑性形变,对铝粉在弯管内的流动状况进行数值仿真。研究结果表明：CFD-DEM算法相对于传统的双流体模型和轨道法,能更为准确地描述颗粒流的碰撞信息和两相流的流动状况。弯管内的总压损失随流化气流量的增加,呈先减少再增加的趋势,在本文研究的条件下,优选的流化气流量为6g/s~7g/s(流化气速度为3.0m/s~3.5m/s);在低流速下,颗粒间的碰撞次数远大于颗粒-壁面间的碰撞,随着流速的增高,颗粒与外侧壁面间的碰撞次数迅速增高,并导致颗粒-壁面间的碰撞次数超过颗粒间的碰撞。弯管的弯径越大,弯管内的总压损失越大,但颗粒-颗粒、颗粒-壁面的碰撞次数均减少。     

飞机管道颗粒碰撞阻尼器设计与试验验证

飞机管道振动超标是严重威胁飞机飞行安全的重要故障,降低飞机管道振动水平,对于提高飞机可靠性和安全性具有重要意义。针对难于施加管道卡箍约束的飞机管道结构的减振问题,设计了一种基于颗粒碰撞阻尼技术的管道减振器。该减振器通过特定的结构设计,在不影响现有管道结构的基础上,很方便地安装到管道上进行减振。其减振原理是基于减振器内部的颗粒碰撞而导致的能量耗散,从而提高管道结构的阻尼效应。因此,将此颗粒碰撞阻尼器安装在振动管道上,在管道发生共振的情况下,管道振动峰值将明显降低。本文基于所设计的管道减振器,利用振动台试验研究了颗粒填充率对减振效果的影响,发现改变阻尼器内部颗粒的填充率,管道的振动随颗粒填充率的增加有先减小后增大的趋势,同时利用EDEM颗粒流仿真软件计算了减振器振动过程中颗粒的能量耗散情况,发现颗粒能量耗散速率最大时所对应的颗粒填充率与试验过程中管道振动加速度降到最低时所对应的颗粒填充率达到了一致,仿真结果与试验结果取得了很好的一致性。最后,将所设计的颗粒阻尼减振器安装在液压动力源管道上进行实际减振试验,测试了在安装减振器前后,试验管道在X、Y、Z三个方向的振动加速度,经过对比分析,发现安装颗粒阻尼减振器后,液压管道的压力脉动频率下的振动水平得到了明显抑制,试验结果充分表明了本文所设计的飞机管道颗粒减振器的有效性和实用性。     

水平携带床内玉米秸颗粒速度场的PIV实验研究

为研究生物质颗粒在水平携带床中的流动特性,搭建了水平携带床透明模拟装置.利用PIV无接触测量技术,在氩气流量为1.9 m3/h工况下,对60~160目粒径的玉米秸颗粒流进行了速度场的研究.计算出了颗粒和氩气的平均速度以及流经水平携带床的时间,对颗粒与氩气的跟随性进行了分析.研究结果表明,颗粒流的轴向速度沿轴方向不断增大,管道中心附近的颗粒加速最为明显,而边壁附近的颗粒速度变化相对较慢;颗粒流的速度沿径向大致呈抛物线状分布;颗粒流的平均运动速度比氩气低,颗粒流通过水平床的平均时间略大于氩气.     

一起由滑油渗漏导致的FJ44发动机空停事件解析

以一起由滑油渗漏导致的FJ44发动机空中停车事件为例,通过对发动机的检查,查找滑油渗漏点,分析判断空停的最终原因,并采取有效措施排除故障。