Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

7150铝合金热变形行为及微观组织

采用Gleeble热模拟机进行热压缩实验,研究7150铝合金在变形温度为300~450℃、应变速率为0.01~10s-1条件下的变形行为,采用Zener-Hollomon参数法构建合金高温塑性变形本构方程,并对变形后的微观组织进行分析。研究表明:7150铝合金的流变应力随应变速率增大而增大,随变形温度增大而降低。该合金热压缩变形的流变应力行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程描述,其参数A为4.161×1014s-1,α为0.01956 MPa-1,n为5.14336,热变形激活能Q为229.7531k J/mol。随着温度升高和应变速率降低,动态再结晶逐渐取代动态回复成为合金的主要软化机制。     

基于DDES的有／无舱门腔体气动噪声仿真分析

采用延迟分离涡仿真（ DDES）的方法研究了空腔和带有舱门的腔体的气动噪声特性。仿真在自由来流M＝0．85下,长宽深比值为5：1：1的矩形开放腔体展开。空腔仿真的声压级幅值结果与试验数据相比误差在4％以内,频率位置的预测较好。 DDES方法对于气动噪声问题具有很好的仿真准确性。空腔仿真结果和带有舱门的结果对比后表明,舱门迫使剪切层气流更多的撞击后壁进入腔体内部,使腔体内部尤其是中部压强波动增大,声压级在低频部分增量显著,达到了5 dB左右。     

复合材料副翼典型结构件的VARI工艺模拟及试验验证

在复合材料液体成型工艺过程中,通过计算机软件的模拟研究,可以预先判断树脂在增强体中的流动形式和获得树脂的注模时间以及注模压力,进而为实际成型工艺提供参考设计。本文利用PAM-RTM模拟软件对复合材料副翼典型结构件的树脂流动过程进行了模拟计算。根据达西定律推导出树脂在增强纤维中一维流动渗透率计算公式,分别对增强纤维、缝线纤维进行了渗透率测试,在此基础上对渗透率数值进行了修正。利用渗透率修正值采用不同的流道设计方案对树脂注模过程进行了模拟研究,根据模拟结果最终选择合理的注射方式和流道布局。对所选方案进行了工艺试验验证,并对结构件进行了超声无损检测。结果显示:理论充模时间和试验充模时间基本一致,结构件没有内部缺陷,树脂填充完全,模拟工艺计算有效。     

二元双喉道射流推力矢量喷管流动参数影响的数值研究

采用数值模拟方法研究了不同流动参数对二元双喉道射流推力矢量喷管(Dual-throat fluidic Thrust-vectoring Nozzle,DTN)内流特性和推力矢量控制效果的影响。结果表明,DTN在非推力矢量情况下,NPR在3~4范围时,推力系数较大,达到0.968,而流量系数较小,仅为0.93;NPR再增大,推力系数迅速下降。在推力矢量情况下,落压比一定时,随着次流流量比的增加,推力矢量角增加,而流量系数、推力系数、推力矢量效率减小;次流流量比一定时,随着落压比的增加,推力矢量角减小,系统推力系数先增加后减小,流量系数略微增加。     

小展弦比飞翼标模雷诺数影响数值模拟研究

采用数值模拟方法开展小展弦比飞翼标模的雷诺数影响研究。使用自行研制的多块对接结构网格亚跨超声速流场解算器程序Mbflow,计算了试验雷诺数、二倍试验雷诺数和飞行雷诺数等三种雷诺数情况下小展弦比飞翼标模的流场。通过对计算结果的分析研究,得到了不同马赫数(Ma=0.2、0.8和1.5)和攻角情况下雷诺数对小展弦比飞翼标模的气动特性和流场特征的影响规律。小攻角情况下,雷诺数主要影响摩阻的大小;而大攻角时,雷诺数对压阻也有明显影响。在亚声速时,雷诺数主要影响分离涡的起始位置和强度;跨声速和超声速时,雷诺数还会影响到激波的位置和强度。进一步研究了小展弦比飞翼标模的自准区雷诺数问题,发现试验雷诺数接近于小展弦比飞翼标模的自准区雷诺数。     

小展弦比飞翼布局新型嵌入面航向控制特性研究

在小展弦比飞翼布局机翼外侧上/下表面分别设计了一组中等后掠角嵌入面,并对其跨声速时的航向控制效果及其流动机理进行了风洞试验和数值模拟研究。计算和试验结果表明,上嵌入面可在小迎角范围通过轴向力和侧向力的共同作用提供稳定的偏航力矩,实现航向控制;当α6°时,由于嵌入面逐渐处于前缘涡的影响范围内,在前缘涡的吸力作用下,嵌入面航向控制效果迅速下降,直至失效,且进行航向控制时存在不利的滚转耦合;下嵌入面可在全迎角范围内提供稳定的偏航力矩,实现航向控制;通过在小迎角范围内使用上嵌入面,α6°时使用下嵌入面,不仅可在全迎角实现航向控制,且不影响飞机的隐身性能。     

超声速平板边界层旁路转捩直接数值模拟

采用具有七阶精度的有限差分格式和基于Euler方程组的特征边界条件,通过直接数值模拟研究了由固定相位周期性吹吸扰动诱导的、Ma∞=2.25、Re∞=2.5×107/m(635 000/inch)空间发展平板边界层的旁路转捩过程,并建立了相应的直接数值模拟数据库。数值结果表明:扰动相位的随机性并不是转捩发生的必要条件,固定相位周期性吹吸扰动即可诱发边界层的转捩;当采用固定相位时,随着吹吸频率的增加,转捩位置向下游移动;当扰动频率足够大时,周期性吹吸无法诱导出边界层的转捩。随后,在所得数据库中提取了速度及热力学变量的平均值,与已有的数据库和理论分析吻合良好;速度脉动均方根与公认的不可压缩平板边界层实验基本吻合;热力学变量脉动均方根和雷诺应力与已有数据库的统计结果及实验数据具有相同的分布特征。对比发现,不同转捩的诱导因素对平均转捩位置和热力学变量均方根、雷诺应力等高阶统计量的影响较大。     

采用排间界面静压约束伴随方法的多级压气机叶片优化

为解决伴随优化应用在多级压气机中出现的优化工况点漂移问题,在前期薄层N-S方程伴随方法基础上,对目标函数——出口熵增不仅施以质量流量、总压比约束,还添加排间界面静压展向分布作为新的约束条件.以某5级压气机为对象,对其中第1级转、静叶分别在首1.5级和全5级压气机环境下进行了优化.结果表明,施加排间界面静压展向分布约束能够显著解决优化工作点漂移问题,优化后5级压气机的效率提高0.4个百分点.