Flutter analysis of an airfoil with nonlinear damping using equivalent linearization

The equivalent linearization method （ELM） is modified to investigate the nonlinear flut- ter system of an airfoil with a cubic damping. After obtaining the linearization quantity of the cubic nonlinearity by the ELM, an equivalent system can be deduced and then investigated by linear flut- ter analysis methods. Different from the routine procedures of the ELM, the frequency rather than the amplitude of limit cycle oscillation （LCO） is chosen as an active increment to produce bifurca- tion charts. Numerical examples show that this modification makes the ELM much more efficient. Meanwhile, the LCOs obtained by the ELM are in good agreement with numerical solutions. The nonlinear damping can delay the occurrence of secondary bifurcation. On the other hand, it has marginal influence on bifurcation characteristics or LCOs.     

Application in prestiction friction compensation for angular velocity loop of inertially stabilized platforms

To overcome the influence of the nonlinear friction on the gimbaled servo-system of an inertial stabilized platforms(ISPs) with DC motor direct-drive, the methods of modeling and compensation of the nonlinear friction are proposed. Firstly, the inapplicability of LuGre model when trying to interpret the backward angular displacement in the prestiction regime is observed experimentally and the reason is deduced theoretically. Then, based on the dynamic model of direct-drive ISPs, a modified LuGre model is proposed to describe the characteristic of the friction in the prestiction regime. Furthermore, the state switch condition of the three friction regimes including presliding, gross sliding and prestiction is presented. Finally, a composite compensation controller including a nonlinear friction observer and a feedforward compensator based on the novel LuGre model is designed to restrain the nonlinear friction and to improve the control precision. Experimental results indicate that compared with those of the conventional proportion–integration–differentiation(PID) control method and the PID plus LuGre model-based friction compensation method, the dwell-time has decreased from 0.2 s to almost 0 s, the position error decreased to 86.7%and the peak-to-peak value of position error decreased to 80% after the novel compensation controller is added. It concludes that the composite compensation controller can greatly improve the control precision of the dynamic sealed ISPs.     

结合损伤力学与有限元方法预估铆接结构疲劳寿命

利用飞机铆接试验件疲劳试验数据,结合损伤力学与有限元方法,通过MATLAB调用ABAQUS进行损伤演化方程参数的遗传优化反演。将反演得到的损伤演化方程用于飞机结构疲劳寿命预估中,对机翼蒙皮锪窝形式的铆接结构进行了寿命计算和分析,并与试验数据作对比,证明了方法的可行性。     

对外直接投资的贸易效应——基于中美比较的视角

20世纪80年代以来,伴随着改革开放和国际产业转移,发达国家加快了对外投资步伐,中国也抓住这一机会成为世界上最大的对外直接投资吸引地。经过三十多年来的发展,如今中国企业也开始了＂走出去＂的脚步。对外投资对于一国的贸易有何影响,学界对此有很多研究。文章对1984~2012年中国和美国之间的双边直接投资和贸易进行检验,利用协整模型进行计量分析。分析结果表明：中国对美国的直接投资会增加中国对美国的进口,美国对中国的直接投资则会增加中国对美国的出口。     

“心经”“妙法”铸金牌——航天推进技术研究院研制高质量火箭发动机纪实

神舟九号任务发动机的研制,是在充分继承已有成熟技术基础上进行的。开展可靠性增长设计和适应性改进,既要载人,又要交会对接,是一个需要运用合理科学的可靠性试验方法。经过改进-试验-再改进-再试验的反复过程,打造出质量过硬的高可靠性发动机,具有前所未有的极大难度。     

环形水射流流场的实验研究与统计分析

在11、12和15MPa射流压力下对环形自由水射流流场进行实验研究,以获得该射流场的能量特征与液滴尺寸分布规律。运用相位多普勒粒子测速（PDPA）技术对射流流场中的速度分布和液滴粒径分布进行测量,并对通过不同位置控制体的单个液滴行为进行了统计分析。研究表明：环形射流流束中心存在着较宽的高速区域,且射流能量沿着射流方向衰减缓慢;距离喷嘴的轴向距离越大,射流横断面上的速度与液滴粒径分布越平坦;射流压力对流束中心的轴向速度变化影响较大,对液滴粒径分布的影响不明显;射流流束中心区的湍流脉动较弱,但通过位于射流中心位置的控制体的液滴粒径谱较宽。     

利润最大化弹性方法在价格营销策略应用的分析

总收益与总利润并非绝对同步增减。在厂商追求利润最大化的前提下，如果商品是富有弹性的、厂商应根据利润最大化和需求弹性系数来确定价格营销策略。     

积木式方法与试验金字塔的历史沿革与发展趋势

采用积木式方法构建试验金字塔是目前已经被广泛接受的用来完成大型飞机结构强度验证的基本手段。本文概述了积木式方法和试验金字塔的发展历程和趋势，介绍了不同型号的美军机在研制过程中所建立的强度验证试验金字塔的统计结果，并且从试验层级、对象、目的和类型等四个方面比较了试验内容的数量与经费占比，由此来说明基础层级试验验证工作在强度验证试验金字塔中重要性和经济性。通过对虚拟试验在强度验证工作中的发展趋势、应用和限制的介绍，为顺利完成相关的全尺寸部件和整机的强度验证提供可靠的保障手段。