低镍奥氏体不锈钢定向凝固组织CAFE法模拟

通过对ProCAST&CAFE软件进行二次开发建立凝固过程动态边界条件,模拟低镍奥氏体不锈钢定向凝固过程中的温度场和固相分数,并探讨抽拉速率对凝固微观组织的影响。结果表明,随着抽拉速率的增大,等温线变密,糊状区变窄;铸件一次枝晶臂逐渐细化,边缘侧向散热逐渐远小于中心纵向散热造成一次枝晶轴向偏差度逐渐减小,晶粒择优取向效果提高。与此同时,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,模拟计算形核、生长及取向过程较为合理。     

航天飞机上留下中国学生的作品

中国学生设计的“蚕在太空吐丝结茧”的实验，随着哥伦比亚号航天飞机的爆炸，也永远留在了太空。事故发生后，众多媒体都对实验进行了相关报道。有的称这是中国学生的作品首次登上美国航天飞机，其实是不准确的。在这之前，已经有5个中国学生提出的实验方案登上了航天飞机。     

液体检测技术在民航安全中的应用

近年来，随着不法分子及恐怖组织采用液态物或液态燃爆物袭击民航航班事件数量的增加，各国机场纷纷加强了针对液体物的安检和管控力度，各种新的液体检测技术不断投入使用。本文主要介绍了其中3种主流技术及其代表设备。此外，鉴于液体检测技术的不断完善，ECAC已将机场的液体解禁行动纳入计划。     

“卡西尼”号太空船重大发现——土卫六北极存在湖群

据新华网2006年7月26日报道，土星最大卫星土卫六拥有富含甲烷和氮气的大气层，这些物质究竟从何而来一直困扰着科学家。7月22日，“卡西尼”号太空船近距离飞越土卫六时有了一个重大发现——其北极存在着一个巨大的甲烷等碳氢化合物形成的湖群，其中有些湖还流动着液态物质。     

High Temperature Flow Stress Prediction of Nano-Al2O3/Cu Composite Using an Artificial Neural Network

Alumina dispersion strengthened copper composite （nano-Al2O3/Cu composite） was recently emerged as a kind of potentially viable and attractive engineering material for applications requiring high strength, high thermal and electrical conductivities and resistance to softening at elevated temperatures. The nano-Al2O3/Cu composite was produced by internal oxidation. The microstructures of the composite were analyzed by the TEM and its hot deformation behavior was investigated by means of continuous compression tests performed on a Gleeble 1500 thermo-simulator. Making use of the modified algorithm-Levenberg-Marquardt （L-M） algorithm BP neural network, a model for predicting the flow stresses during hot deformation was set up on the base of the experimental data. Results show that the microstructures of the composite are characterized by uniform distribution of nano-Al2O3 particles in Cu-matrix. The sliding of dislocations is the main deformation mechanism. The dynamic recovery is the main softening mode with the flow stress decreasing gently from 500℃ to 850 ~C. The recrystallization of Cu-matrix can be retarded late into as high as 850 ℃, when it happens only partially. The well-trained BP neural network model can accurately describe the influence of the temperature, strain rate, and true strain on the flow stresses, therefore, it can precisely predict the flow stresses of the composite under given deforming conditions and provide a new way to optimize hot deforming process parameters.     

化学液相热梯度致密C/C技术探索

简要分析了化学液相热梯度致密C／C的沉积过程及机理，该工艺用一种液态碳源作基体前驱体，采用梯度加热法，可实现快速致密。结果表明，与传统化学气相致密法相比，该技术能在很短时间（2.5h）内能迅速提高基质材料的密度。     

新型超高强结构材料

液淬非晶铝基Ａｌ－Ｌｎ－Ｍ系合金（Ｌｎ为稀土元素，Ｍ为过渡元素）不但塑性好而且还具有９８０ＭＰａ以上的拉伸断裂强度。最新研究表明，该系非晶铝基合金的拉伸断裂强度高达１５６０ＭＰａ。本文综述超高强非晶铝基合金的开发历程，成分组成，制备工艺，晶化温度和力学性能，拟为国内研究开发这类新型结构材料提供线索。     

非连续增强镁基复合材料研究

采用液态浸渍法制备ＳｉＣ晶须和Ｂ４Ｃ颗粒混杂增强剂，成功地制备出增强剂含量为２４％的复合材料，并对材料的机械性能进行了测试，复合材料的抗拉强度达到了４１６ＭＰａ，弹性模量达到了８０ＧＰａ，较其基体材料分别提高了５３％和１１０％。对材料的断口分析表明，增强剂的均匀分布与晶须与基体之间的牢固结合，是复合材料具有较高机械性能的原因，而颗粒与基体界面间的开裂，以及基体共晶相的脆性开裂是复合材料塑性低的主要     

旋转封闭循环小通道内液态金属热驱动换热特性研究

高速旋转条件下,封闭循环小通道内的流体(热驱动介质)在浮升力的作用下会产生热驱动运动,将热量不断的从高温端携带至冷却端释放。本文通过数值模拟的方法,研究了离心力场下封闭循环小通道中,不同性质流体的流动和换热特性。重点分析了以液态金属锂、钠和钠钾合金为热驱动介质时,热驱动运动的换热特性Nu随Bu和Ro两个参数的变化规律。研究中发现在一定的Bu数变化范围内,以液态金属锂、钠以及钠钾合金为热驱动介质所得到的Nu均随Ro数的增大而减小;当Ro数相同时,Nu随Bu数的增加而变大。研究结果表明高转速,低加热量时,采用液态钠钾合金为热驱动介质可以得到最好的热驱动换热效果;在高转速,高加热量时以液态锂为热驱动介质时,热驱动换热能力最强。      

Microstructure evolution of a hypereutectic Nb–Ti–Si–Cr–Al–Hf alloy processed by directional solidification

In this work, the Nb–14Si–24Ti–10Cr–2Al–2Hf–0.1Y alloy(at.%) was processed by the liquid–metal-cooled directional solidification(DS) at 1750 C with withdrawal rates of 1.2, 6,18 mm/min and post heat treatment(HT) at 1450 C for 10 h. The microstructures of the directionally solidified and heat treated samples were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of directionally solidified alloy mainly consists of petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics and Ti-rich Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics. With the increase of withdrawal rate, the primary Nb5Si3is eliminated, Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectic cells turn round and connected with the microstructure refinement and Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics turn to a river-like morphology. After heat treatment,Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics disappeared and petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics turn to a specific fiber-mesh structure gradually, which is promoted by higher withdrawal rates. Furthermore,both the volume fraction of Cr2Nb and the content of Cr in Nbssof Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics change regularly with the increase of withdrawal rate and heat treatment at 1450 C for 10 h.