预爆管式脉冲爆震原型机试验研究

为了实现多循环吸气式脉冲爆震发动机（PDE）在较短距离内缓燃向爆震的转捩,降低主爆管通过障碍物触发爆震的内部阻力损失,设计了预爆管和主爆管以同种混气（汽油/空气）为工作介质的两相PDE原型机,试验研究了爆震燃烧过程。研究表明：当预爆管出口扩张角度为45°时,可以实现爆震波在主爆管内向衍射面上、下游传播;设计的预爆管式PDE原型机可以实现最高频率为66.7 Hz的稳定间歇工作。     

镍基单晶合金高温蠕变的θ映射模型

针对镍基单晶涡轮叶片蠕变的晶体方向性问题,运用θ映射法,在晶体滑移理论框架下,建立了能够描述镍基单晶合金各向异性蠕变的θ模型.利用文献中2种镍基单晶合金(DD3和CMSX-4)的蠕变数据,对所采用的方法进行了验证,并获得了2种材料各自对应的材料参数.理论预测值和试验数据基本吻合.结果表明:将θ映射法移植到晶体滑移理论中是可行的,能够用来模拟镍基单晶合金的各向异性蠕变行为.     

孔间距和前倾角对进出口扩张形气膜孔流量系数的影响(英文)

Discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole of three inclination angles and three spacing between holes are presented which described the discharge behavior of a row of holes. The inlet and outlet of the 3-in-1 hole both have a 15° lateral expansion. The flow conditions considered are mainstream turbulence intensities and density ratios of secondary flow to mainstream. The momentum flux ratios varied in the range from 1 to 4. The comparison is made of the discharge coefficients of three shaped holes to find an optimal hole with low flow loss. The results show that the discharge coefficients of 3-in- 1 hole are highest in three shaped holes and therefore this article is focused on the measurements of discharge coefficients of 3-in-1 hole for various geometries and aerodynamic parameters. The measured results of 3-in-1 hole indicate that turbulence intensities, density ratios and momentum flux ratios have weak influence on discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 20°. The high turbulence intensity yields the small discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased both momentum flux ratios and density ratios lead to the increased discharge coefficients for inclination angle of 45° and 90°. The increased inclination angle causes the rapidly increased discharge coefficients. There is a weak dependence of discharge coefficients on hole pitches.     

Foreign Object Damage to Fan Rotor Blades of Aeroengine Part Ⅱ： Numerical Simulation of Bird Impact

Bird impact is one of the most dangerous threats to flight safety. The consequences of bird impact can be severe and, therefore, the aircraft components have to be certified for a proven level of bird impact resistance before being put into service. The fan rotor blades of aeroengine are the components being easily impacted by birds. It is necessary to ensure that the fan rotor blades should have adequate resistance against the bird impact, to reduce the flying accidents caused by bird impacts. Using the contacting-impacting algorithm, the numerical simulation is carded out to simulate bird impact. A three-blade computational model is set up for the fan rotor blade having shrouds. The transient response curves of the points corresponding to measured points in experiments, displacements and equivalent stresses on the blades are obtained during the simulation. From the comparison of the transient response curves obtained from numerical simulation with that obtained from experiments, it can be found that the variations in measured points and the corresponding points of simulation are basically the same. The deforming process, the maximum displacements and the maximum equivalent stresses on blades are analyzed. The numerical simulation verifies and complements the experiment results.     

变攻角下孔隙射流对高负荷扩压叶栅气动性能的影响

本文对采用孔隙射流的某大折转角雎气机叶栅进行了实验研究．给出了不同攻角下叶栅流道内的静压分布、表面极限流线以及出口流场的气动参数,通过在不同叶高处开孔探讨了孔隙射流位置对大负荷扩压叶栅气动性能的影响。实验结果表明,孔隙位置对端壁静压的影响不大;开多孔方案对叶栅气动性能的影响要强于单孔方案：在设计攻角下,孔隙射流能够改善角区流动,同时降低叶片中部损失,单孔方案的最佳开孔位置位于25％相对叶高处,质量平均能量损失系数相对原形叶栅降低4．75％,开多孔方案巾能量损失相对原形叶栅最多降低5．52％：在负攻角下．孔隙射流导致叶栅性能下降,而在正攻角下,孔隙射流大幅提高叶栅性能,能量损失系数相对原形叶栅最多降低12．7％。     

叶顶微喷气提高旋转畸变条件下低速轴流压气机失稳裕度的机理分析

对旋转畸变条件下轴流压气机的失稳特性进行了实验研究,结果表明,畸变影响区内叶顶泄漏流的前缘溢出造成了旋转失速的提前发生,缩减了压气机的失稳裕度.叶顶微喷气方法有效地提高了旋转畸变条件下轴流压气机的失稳裕度,其原因在于,实施叶顶微喷气后,临近失速时,压气机顶部畸变区诱发的分离团受到抑制,减少了其诱发旋转失速的可能性,从而实现扩稳目的.      

管中激光加速器的推力形成过程

管中激光加速器是一种新型的激光推力器,弹射体在管道中被加速。利用光线追踪法,根据光线在网格中的传播路径信息,运用辐射输运方程,得到流场的能量源项;数值求解含能量源项的流体控制方程,对管道中等离子体流场激波的形成和演化过程进行了研究。模型能够模拟空气光学击穿、空气对激光能量的吸收、等离子体对激光的屏蔽作用和推力形成过程,通过计算得到冲量耦合系数为3.61×10-4N/MW,等离子体内能转化为流场动能的比例约为9%。     

气-气推进剂氧喷嘴出口型面对特征效率的影响

通过对气氢/气氧为推进剂的同轴剪切喷嘴进行研究,分析同轴剪切结构喷嘴出口型面变化和厚度对特征效率的影响.结果表明:氧喷嘴出口处能形成小尺度的回流区,起到火焰稳定器的作用;带扩口的氧喷嘴使氧产生径向速度,使回流区受到干扰,使推进剂特征效率较低;直口的喷嘴有利于推进剂火焰的稳定,而达到高的特征效率;而不同氧出口厚度对特征效率的影响不大.      

激波与固体颗粒群相互作用实验研究

为了研究FAE武器、温压武器中燃料抛撒问题,在垂直激波管里进行了气-固两相流的实验研究。主要研究激波（Ma=1．96）与3种不同堆密度的石英砂颗粒群相互作用,用高速摄影仪对颗粒在抛撒过程进行图像捕捉,得到颗粒在抛撒阶段的速度。研究颗粒群在超声速气流下的运动规律以及激波对颗粒群加速的影响规律,分析激波通过颗粒群时气-固两相流中的动力学过程。定量分析颗粒堆密度对激波的影响,得出了固体颗粒群受到激波作用后抛撒过程中纵向和横向颗粒云团体积增加,颗粒云团平均浓度减少;颗粒群的堆密度与颗粒粒径、抛撒初速度、反射激波的强度都成反相关关系。     

采用钝体式孔板淬熄的富油-淬熄-贫油驻涡燃烧室排放性能试验研究

设计研制了采用钝体式孔板淬熄装置进行淬熄作用的富油-淬熄-贫油(Rich-quenchlean,RQL)驻涡燃烧室(Trapped-vortex Combustor,TVC)模型和试验系统,实现了富油燃烧-快速淬熄-贫油燃烧的分级燃烧。在常压状态下采用RP3航空煤油作为燃料开展了排放试验研究,分析并总结了当量比(包含总当量比和富油区当量比)、进口速度(马赫数)和进口温度等参数对采用钝体式孔板淬熄的RQL-TVC排放性能的影响。研究结果表明:不同进口温度或进口马赫数条件下,随着当量比的增大,氮氧化物(NOx)的排放指数(Emission Index,EI)呈现出先急剧升高,然后急剧下降并趋于平缓的趋势,在富油燃烧区当量比为1.1左右达到峰值,一氧化碳(CO)的EI值先保持平稳而后急剧下降,未燃碳氢化合物(UHC)的EI值呈现连续降低的趋势,燃烧效率持续增大,燃烧效率均高于95%,最大值达99%以上;进口温度较高或进口马赫数较小时,UHC和CO的EI值均较小,燃烧效率较高,而NOx的EI值较大,反之亦然。